Avaliação da eficiência de reator anaeróbio seguido de aeróbio no tratamento de efluente doméstico de uma indústria no polo industrial de Manaus.

Abstract

Adequate treatment of domestic wastewater represents a significant challenge for the preservation of water resources, especially in industrialized areas where there is a substantial generation of wastewater. The absence or inefficiency of treatment systems may compromise environmental quality and public health, making it essential to adopt technologies capable of reducing pollutant loads before discharge into receiving water bodies. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a domestic wastewater treatment system installed in an industry located in the Industrial Pole of Manaus, consisting of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor followed by an aerobic reactor. The research is classified as applied, with a quantitative approach, based on the analysis of operational data from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Data collection was carried out through bimonthly monitoring of physicochemical and microbiological parameters from 2023 to 2025, including fecal coliforms, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), oils and greases, hydrogen potential (pH), settleable solids, temperature, sulfides, and vegetable oils and animal fats. To evaluate system performance, Statistical Process Control (SPC) tools were applied, including the construction of control charts, normality tests, and process capability analysis. The results indicated that most parameters complied with the limits established by current environmental regulations, demonstrating the effectiveness of the treatment system. However, occasional variations and the presence of special causes were identified, particularly for fecal coliforms and pH, indicating statistical instability in certain periods. Process capability analysis showed that some parameters presented satisfactory performance, while others revealed limitations related to operational variability. It is concluded that the system presents overall good performance and meets legal requirements most of the time; however, improvements in monitoring and operational control are still necessary. Measures such as increasing the frequency of analyses, standardizing procedures, and investigating causes of variability may contribute to greater stability and efficiency of the treatment process.