Os saberes tradicionais dos donos de quintais agroflorestais e o potencial diálogo com os serviços ambientais

Abstract

Traditional knowledge is a translation of the knowledge of the oldest residents of a traditional community, which is expressed in rites, legends, notions and the use of biodiversity, in addition to agroforestry management. The maintenance of human wellbeing depends on a set of services derived from natural resources or offered by natural ecosystems, so we enjoy these services directly or indirectly, and these services are distributed into four categories, support, provision, regulation, cultural. The backyards make up a set of agroecosystems called Agroforestry Systems (SAF's) which is a category that brings together a group of models of cultivation systems that are based on traditional knowledge for the sustainable management of natural resources, in order to obtain from this practice material for the subsistence of traditional communities. Therefore, agroforestry backyards in traditional communities value the relationships between individuals and nature in a concrete space and time, through the construction and transformation of the environment, in a sustainable way. Therefore, this research focuses on knowing the traditional knowledge of the owners of agroforestry backyards related to environmental services, characterizing these backyards. The team from the Laboratory of Applied Ecology at UEA in the period from 2019 to 2020, including myself, studied three communities in the Tupé RDS, Agrovila, Julião and Livramento, where they collected data related to 30 agroforestry backyards. The data collection instruments used were the semi-structured interview combined with guided tour techniques, snowball, photo of plant species for later identification by a specialist; quantity, height estimation, uses, origin and observation of plant species and signing of the Free and Informed Consent Term (FICT). For this research, data related to the ten backyards of the Agrovila community were used. In turn, in relation to the information provided by the interviewees, it is worth noting that the clipping is limited to the content of traditional knowledge and aspects of backyards that relate to environmental services from an ecological point of view. The traditional knowledge of the owners of the backyards was analyzed in a descriptive way in terms of environmental services. The categorization of the uses of plant species was carried out through the ornamental categories; food; seasoning; medicinal; ritualistic; handmade and seva. The origin in native, exotic and invasive exotic plant species was confirmed in online databases; The backyard profile was analyzed through the formation of three strata, the lower, middle and upper. In the upper stratum, we can see several important exotic species, mainly in the provision of food, such as mango (Mangifera indica), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), jambo (Syzygium malaccense) and olive (Syzygium cumini) which is in the middle stratum, due to its Jáca had its invasive potential characterized in two Conservation Units in the city of Manaus. The traditional knowledge of backyard owners dialogued with concepts related to soil conservation, with regard to nutrient cycling, pest control, microclimate regulation and soil fertility; the provision of food and medicinal plants. The occurrence of invasive plant species invokes the need to develop environmental education activities for the conservation of environmental services. Keywords: Ethnoknowledge, Traditional Communities, Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve.