Riscos hidrológicos e eventos extremos na área urbana do município de Manacapuru - AM

Abstract

A natural phenomenon, when associated with intense human activity, can cause material, social, and environmental damage to the population, becoming known as a natural disaster. Hydrological risks are a consequence of the hydrological and atmospheric dynamics of the area, and can be classified as floods, inundations, droughts, among others. As a result of the accelerated process of urbanization and population growth in the municipality of Manacapuru - AM, these phenomena are increasingly frequent and more damaging to the population, specifically to those with low purchasing power, who live in areas of risk, in floodplains. Based on the assumption, the work had as its main objective to perform the diagnosis and mapping of areas at risk of flooding in the urban area of the municipality of Manacapuru - AM, correlating the environmental fragility and social vulnerability. For this, a comparative analysis between the 4 historical floods of the Solimões River and the characterization of the magnitude of hydrological events was performed; besides the measurement of the social vulnerability index of the population through demographic data collected in the 2010 census by IBGE, arranged within the territorial unit of the census boundaries of the area; and finally, the determination and mapping of risk, obtained by the result of the relationship between vulnerability and flooded areas of the sectors, allowing the production of the Zoning Chart of Hydrological Risk in the urban area of Manacapuru. The results obtained indicate that 13 census sectors have low Vulnerability Index (VI), 13 sectors medium, 22 have high VI and 9 sectors have a very high VI, these are distributed in the neighborhoods Centro, Liberdade, São José, Correnteza and União. The neighborhoods that suffer annually with the floods of the Solimões River and consequently present a greater risk of being affected by this phenomenon are Union, São José, Terra Preta, Liberdade, Aparecida and Correnteza, highlighting the direct relationship between the Vulnerability Index and the Risk Index in the urban area of Manacapuru – AM KeyWords: Floods. Inundations. Vulnerability. Risk.