Invasão biológica de Artocarpus heterophyllus LAM. (Moraceae) no Parque Estadual Sumaúma, Manaus - Amazônia Central

Abstract

Species introduced in environments other than their original, managing to overcome environmental barriers and generate self-regenerating populations are called invasive exotic. In this context, Artocarpus heterophyllus, jackfruit, originating in India is one of the most recognized and distributed invasive species in Brazil, especially for its food aspect. In the Amazon region, data on the occurrence of invasive species are still scarce. In Manaus, several jackfruit individuals were observed at some points in the border areas of the Sumaúma State Park, especially near the backyard boundaries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological invasion of Artocarpus heterophyllus in the Sumauma State Park. The study area was the Sumaúma State Park located in the city of Manaus, AM and with 52 hectares of area. The Park is a Conservation Unit (UC) formed of urban forest fragment. A. heterophyllus individuals were identified and mapped across the park border area. The georeferenced points with GPS were called Point 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and a Plot measuring 30 x 80 m (2400 m2 )was installed at Point 1 (Plot 1) and another covering Points 2, 3 and 4 (Plot 2). All jackfruit individuals were counted and measured the DBHs (diameter at breast height) and total height for those with length> = 1 m. In order to verify the influence of jackfruit on native species, the quadrant method was used around the individuals with the highest DBHs found, having proportional dimensions and observing all phytosociological parameters and Shanno-Weaver diversity. Jackfruit individuals were observed up to 70 m inland from the park area, totaling the two plots 1193 individuals, absolute density of 0.25 and inverted "J" diameter class. Quadrant 1 (Q1) was installed with the largest DBH of Parcel 1 as its matrix and Quadrant 2 (Q2) had the largest DBH in Parcel 2 as its matrix. They recorded 58.99% IVI (Q1) and 63.89 % (Q2) for jackfruit population, diversity H '= 0.83 and low species richness up to 5 m away from the matrix. The results of this study are similar to those observed in jackfruit invasion studies in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro, in areas with established jackfruit populations. Thus from the phytosociological parameters it is possible to state that the jackfruit population in Sumaúma State Park is in the process of invasion. Controlling actions such as the removal of juvenile individuals and annealing are suggested. KEY WORDS: Alien Species, Jackfruit, Sumaúma Park