Processos erosivos no assentamento de Vila Amazônia, Parintins-AM: Mapeamento de Voçorocas

Abstract

In recent years soil degradation through erosion has promoted innumerable alterations in rural and urban environments, generating from its effects several social and environmental consequences for the social groups affected by this process. Part of this degradation is mainly caused by gullies that form from the specific environmental conditions of their occurrence areas, such as climates, soil characteristics, slope type, groundwater outcrop, vegetation cover, and rainfall that conditions surface and subsurface flows. In this sense, the present work had as main objective to map and characterize the types of gullies existing in Parintins, state of Amazonas, exclusively of Vila Amazonia. For this it was possible to identify the erosive processes such as the grooves, ravines and gullies existing in the locality, being the latter, seeking to classify it as the type, shape, size eroded volume and what major problems caused to the environment and to local residents. The following methodological procedures were used to perform the work: Bibliographic survey, field work, and the use of Geographic information System and Satellite Images. As results were mapped in the settlement of Vila Amazonia 9 gullies, being the most relevant of that region, it could be understood that the main conditioning agents for the emergence of the gullies in the study area are: The high precipitation rate of the municipality and its runoff, surface and subsurface, a type of soil that has at its base a horizon with a large concentration of sandy material, the shape of the relief, since most slope configuration, and as one of the main agents, the use of land for the practice of extensive cattle raising and the opening of roads and vicinals, being the deforestation of riparian forests of the above mentioned the initiators of erosive processes. Among the main social and environmental damages caused by erosion are the abandonment of the land by the residents and the siltation of springs.