Monitoramento do uso e cobertura da terra e sua relação com a temperatura na bacia hidrográfica do Taumã-Açu-Manaus (AM)

Abstract

Tarumã-Açu’s watershed suffers anthropic transformations in its environment, like deforestation, fires, urbans expansions and other changes in the land’s usage and coverage. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the dynamic in the land’s usage and coverage, and surface temperature in Tarumã-Açu’s watershed through images of the Landsat-8 sensor OLI/TIRS satellite for the years 2015 and 2015. The methodological procedures range from reading references in the literature to the use of QGIS 3.10.7 in the preparation of the land use and cover map, calculations of NDVI and SAVI indices of vegetation, land surface temperature (TST). Lastly, the data statistical analysis was also made on QGIS and Excel was used for the results’ reflection and discussion. The presence of dominant arboreal vegetation on Tarumã Açu’s watershed prevail in the whole basin, covering a 1030,5 km² area in 2014 and 1022,68 km² in 2021, resulting in a loss of dominant arboreal vegetation of 7,82² km, and calculating this loss together with the shrubby arboreal vegetation class, this number goes up to 11,15 km². The exposed soil class also stands out, having a increase of 10,92 km² in the whole basin and the urban area had an increase of 1,64 km² between both those years. From 2015 to 2021, the means, minimum and maximum, of TST for the basin, as a whole, doesn’t show significative variation along those years, now, the increase the area’s extensions on the gap of 32 to 35°C comes to 8,72 km², and in the interval < = 26°c comes to 243,79 km² and the fall of 256,58 km² on the gap of 26 to 29°C draws attention. Another point to highlight is the temperature’s high variation in virtue of the change of soil’s type of usage and coverage, as can be seen in the TST’s profiles. That being said, the usage of various geotechnologies, along with remote sensing are essential on the analyzes of the landscape’s dynamic, in the planning and development of management strategies methodologies on the environment’s conservation and preservation, because the cities grow demographically, millions of people are born, migrate and need spaces to inhabit, study, work, practice leisure, and this increase demand spaces and landscapes lake Tarumã-Açu’s watersheds and a management that can accommodate the people along with sustainability to the environment. Keywords: Watershed. Land’s Usage and Coverage. Terrestrial Surface’s Temperature.Tarumã-Açu’s watershed suffers anthropic transformations in its environment, like deforestation, fires, urbans expansions and other changes in the land’s usage and coverage. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the dynamic in the land’s usage and coverage, and surface temperature in Tarumã-Açu’s watershed through images of the Landsat-8 sensor OLI/TIRS satellite for the years 2015 and 2015. The methodological procedures range from reading references in the literature to the use of QGIS 3.10.7 in the preparation of the land use and cover map, calculations of NDVI and SAVI indices of vegetation, land surface temperature (TST). Lastly, the data statistical analysis was also made on QGIS and Excel was used for the results’ reflection and discussion. The presence of dominant arboreal vegetation on Tarumã Açu’s watershed prevail in the whole basin, covering a 1030,5 km² area in 2014 and 1022,68 km² in 2021, resulting in a loss of dominant arboreal vegetation of 7,82² km, and calculating this loss together with the shrubby arboreal vegetation class, this number goes up to 11,15 km². The exposed soil class also stands out, having a increase of 10,92 km² in the whole basin and the urban area had an increase of 1,64 km² between both those years. From 2015 to 2021, the means, minimum and maximum, of TST for the basin, as a whole, doesn’t show significative variation along those years, now, the increase the area’s extensions on the gap of 32 to 35°C comes to 8,72 km², and in the interval < = 26°c comes to 243,79 km² and the fall of 256,58 km² on the gap of 26 to 29°C draws attention. Another point to highlight is the temperature’s high variation in virtue of the change of soil’s type of usage and coverage, as can be seen in the TST’s profiles. That being said, the usage of various geotechnologies, along with remote sensing are essential on the analyzes of the landscape’s dynamic, in the planning and development of management strategies methodologies on the environment’s conservation and preservation, because the cities grow demographically, millions of people are born, migrate and need spaces to inhabit, study, work, practice leisure, and this increase demand spaces and landscapes lake Tarumã-Açu’s watersheds and a management that can accommodate the people along with sustainability to the environment. Keywords: Watershed. Land’s Usage and Coverage. Terrestrial Surface’s Temperature.