Intervenções de enfermagem em gestantes com diabetes gestacional: revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by carbohydrate intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy, associated with maternal and neonatal complications such as fetal macrosomia and cardiovascular risk. This study aims to review nursing care practices for managing GDM and analyze their impact on maternal and infant health. The general objective is to examine nursing care strategies, focusing on risk factors, preventive measures, and interventions to improve treatment adherence and quality of life. The methodology included an Integrative Literature Review (ILR) with searches in databases such as LILACS, SCIELO, BDENF, and MEDLINE, covering studies published between 2019 and 2024. The review highlights the critical role of nursing interventions in GDM management, emphasizing the importance of early detection, glycemic control, nutritional education, and continuous monitoring. While significant progress has been made in managing GDM, there are inconsistencies in postpartum follow-up recommendations, underscoring the need for standardized guidelines. Nursing interventions are crucial for effective GDM management, positively impacting maternal and infant health outcomes. Continuous professional training and extended follow-up care are essential to achieve long-term results