Síndrome metabólica e seus possíveis desfechos em gestantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde de Manaus

Abstract

During pregnancy, significant physiological and metabolic changes occur, such as variations in blood glucose levels, blood pressure, body mass index, and abdominal and neck circumference, which can contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). In this context, Primary Health Care plays an essential role in prenatal care, promoting comprehensive care and preventing potential gestational complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with metabolic syndrome and its outcomes in pregnant women treated in the Manaus PHC system. This was a descriptive, quantitative study conducted at a health unit in the North District of Manaus, with a sample of 139 pregnant women treated by Family Health Strategy teams. A structured form was used for data collection, and analyses were conducted using the Jamovi statistical program. Participants were classified according to pre-gestational BMI: underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (BMI ≥ 18.5 and < 25), overweight (BMI ≥ 25 and < 30), and obese (BMI ≥ 30). It was observed that most pregnant women were overweight (overweight or obese) early in pregnancy, constituting a risk factor for MS. A significant relationship was found between neck circumference, acanthosis nigricans, and BMI (p < 0.05). These findings reinforce the importance of early screening for metabolic risk factors during prenatal care in PHC. Excess weight before and during pregnancy was a relevant marker for the development of complications associated with MS, while advancing maternal age was associated with a greater chance of obesity. The work of Family Health teams is essential in promoting healthy practices, such as a balanced diet and regular physical activity, contributing to the prevention of maternal and fetal health problems. Therefore, the presence of factors related to metabolic syndrome in pregnant women treated in PHC is significant, highlighting the need for preventive and health promotion actions starting at reproductive planning. Qualifying prenatal care, with an emphasis on nutritional monitoring, metabolic parameter control, and health education, is essential to minimize risks to maternal and neonatal health, in addition to requiring the formulation and updating of public policies focused on prenatal care.