Malária transfusional: revisão sistemática

Abstract

Malaria is an infectious disease that has an acute clinical and is considered a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. In 2013, the World Health Organization estimated that there were on average 207 million cases of malaria worldwide. The occurrence of transfusion-transmitted malaria depends on: i) the criteria established by the countries regarding the selection of donors, especially in endemic regions where the presence of semi-immune individuals with mild parasitemias; ii) Plasmodium survival in blood stored at 4°C; and iii) the low sensitivity of the tests used in the screening of blood banks. The objective of this work was to study the epidemiological characteristics of transfusion-transmitted malaria in the Americas. For that, we carried out a systematic review of the literature on scientific bases LILACS, PubMed and Web of Science. Total of 62 studies were included, regarding donor selection, serology and blood surveillance. We identified studies since 1943 to 2014, 53% of them have been conducted and published from non- endemic countries (United States), followed by 18% from Brazil. Studies were mostly (70%) descriptive, with case reports and surveys. The prevalent species in the Americas is the P. vivax and was the second species most involved in cases of transfusion malaria, being preceded by P. malariae. Considering the Brazilian legislation, the literature shows that there is need to implement laboratory tests with more sensitivity and specificity for Plasmodium identification in donated blood, as the use of NAT, which uses real-time PCR, research the parasite would gain significant in the prevention of transfusion-transmitted malaria