Ecossistema de cerrado: os impactos nas manchas de areia branca na cominudade do Zé Açú e na mata do Areal no Município de Parintins/AM.

Abstract

The Amazon Rainforest is a dense, evergreen, heterogeneous broadleaf forest that contains some enclaves of other ecosystems, such as the grassland and the cerrado. Grassland is an Amazonian ecosystem associated with poor, sandy soils that are often subject to periodic flooding due to fluctuations in the water table. The Cerrado is recognized as the savanna with the greatest biodiversity in the world. Due to its size, the Cerrado biome does not have a single phytophysiognomy (aspect of the vegetation in a region). The research aims to differentiate between the cerrado and grassland of the Amazon, comparing them to the cerrado of the core area in the central-west, where this ecosystem predominates. The specific objectives are: (I) To compare the white sand patches of the Zé Açú community and the Mata do Areal, located in the municipality of Parintins; (II) To identify environmental impacts caused by human activities in these locations; (III) To verify the relationship and cause between the description of the vegetation of the Amazon-cerrado biome and the environmental impacts identified. The descriptive comparative research method was adopted, and observation, bibliographical and field research were used as the procedural method. The descriptive analysis made it possible to make comparisons and identify plant species similar to the study site visited (Areal) and mainly endemic to the central cerrado. The results obtained showed that the open vegetation in white sand (cerrados) existing in the middle of the Amazon Rainforest arises as a result of local variations in climate and topographic changes in the soil, and they are distributed in an isolated manner among the vegetation. It can be seen that, due to the characteristics of the soil, the closer the vegetation is to the forest, the taller and less tortuous it becomes, but in the center the individuals are less developed, with smaller stature and greater tortuousness. Thus, the soil is the conditioning factor for the existence of this vegetation. It can be concluded that there is no concern for the preservation of the Areal Valley, either on the part of the Municipal/State Government or on the part of the population, which, due to lack of information, does not understand the importance of the Cerrado. And the vegetation is suffering from human actions and/or species competing for the same place, and this is at serious risk of becoming extinct. Ecotones are areas of environmental transition, where different ecological communities come into contact, that is, all the flora and fauna that are part of the same ecosystem and their interactions.