Análise epidemiológica: surtos do sarampo no estado do Amazonas de 2018 à 2019

Abstract

Measles is an acute infectious disease, with a high rate of contagion and prevalence in children that can progress to serious complications, which can lead to death. The disease was considered extinct in Brazil in 2016, however, in 2018 the country experienced a new epidemiological outbreak, with Amazonas being one of the most affected states. Thus, the present study had the general objective: to analyze the measles cases reported to the Foundation for Health Surveillance of Amazonas and the Federal Government during the period from April 2018 to February 2019. And as specific objectives: to evaluate information about the measles pertinent to Amazonas with reference to cases reported to the Health Surveillance Foundation (FVS) and the National Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) during the period from April 2018 to February 2019; identify the available literature on the subject, as well as guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding the current situation of measles from suspicion to confirmation of diagnosis; show what measures are being adopted in the State of Amazonas in the process of epidemiological surveillance of measles in the region, based on the epidemiological bulletins from April 2018 to February 2019. Through a bibliographic and documentary methodology it was possible to show that vaccination configures as the main effective measure against measles, with the drop in immunization in the population most evident from 2016 onwards, one of the main factors responsible for the outbreak of the disease. Another of the factors that contributed most to the scenario – if not the main one – was the strong migratory movement of non-immunized agents from Venezuela to the country, a condition that was proven due to the D8 genotypes identified in confirmed cases in Brazil being the same as those found in immigrants. Keyword: Measles; Epidemic; Amazons.