Os movimentos de independência na América Latina no Século XIX

Abstract

The present work aims to address the independence movements in Latin America from the 18th to the 19th century, from a summary cut in the historiography of the theme, without intending to exhaust it. Methodologically, the work was based on bibliographic research. Therefore, a survey of references was carried out in advance and later a basic review of the literature available in digital and Portuguese collections. Subsequently, the main thematic approaches and structures of the proposed object were analyzed. The theoretical foundation was based on Prado and Pellegrino (2014), Silva (2015), Rubiano (2016), Gouvêa (1993), Mäder (2008), among others. The bibliographic research pointed out that the history of Latin America is rich and complex, but still little known by most Brazilians. With regard to the emancipation processes of the colonies that gave rise to South American nations and countries, we found that these were long and complex so that not only external influences were decisive for the outbreak of emancipatory movements. The various events, crises and internal conflicts, as well as the interests of the various social actors, that is, the colonial elite (chapetones and creole) and the populations considered subaltern (indigenous, black and mestizo), were also important and contributed directly to the revolts and conflicts for the independence of the colonies on this continent during the period of colonization.