Tratamento endodôntico em segundo molar inferior com canal em forma de "C": relato de caso

Abstract

The mandibular second molar exhibits significant anatomical variations, with the C-shaped canal configuration being one of the most complex and challenging for endodontic treatment. This morphology results from the incomplete fusion of the mesial and distal roots, forming a longitudinal isthmus that connects the canals with varying degrees of continuity. These canals are often extremely flattened, which complicates chemomechanical preparation and adequate disinfection of the root canal system. This study aims to report the endodontic treatment of a mandibular second molar presenting a C-shaped canal configuration and diagnosed with hyperplastic chronic pulpitis. A 30-year-old male patient sought care at the Dental Clinic of the University of the State of Amazonas, presenting a coronal fracture and hyperplastic tissue emerging from the pulp chamber. After histopathological confirmation, coronal access was performed, followed by instrumentation using M® files (Easy Equipamentos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil) during the mechanical preparation phase, combined with irrigation using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA, both activated with Easy Clean® tips (Easy Equipamentos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil). Obturation was performed using Tagger’s hybrid technique with gutta-percha cones and Sealer 26, followed by provisional restoration with glass ionomer cement. The adopted protocol allowed proper shaping and disinfection of the canals, with no occurrence of instrument fractures. It is concluded that M® files, due to their flexibility and controlled memory, can be safely used in the treatment of C-shaped canals, especially in clinical settings where mechanized instrumentation is not available. Prior knowledge of anatomical variations and the use of activated irrigation techniques are essential for successful endodontic outcomes in this type of configuration.