Enem no Norte do Brasil: Uma análise comparativa dos determinantes do desempenho entre o ano de 2019 e o ano pandêmico de 2020

Abstract

Education is fundamental in the process of reducing inequalities economic and promoting the full exercise of citizenship, however, even having at its core an emancipatory purpose for the citizen, there are many empirical evidence that shows schools as reproducers of socioeconomic inequalities, where academic success is highly correlated with income and level of parental education, therefore, the objective This study discusses an analysis of the determinants of performance in the National High School Examination for students in Northern Brazil and how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the performance of candidates in the edition of 2020. To achieve this objective, microdata from editions of 2019 and 2020 of the exam available on the website of the National Institute of Studies and Anísio Teixeira Educational Research - INEP, the results were obtained by through the application of the quantile regression model, as it allows analyze the relationship between the different quartiles of grade distributions and the personal and family characteristics of candidates, such as: race; sex; income; parental education; household characteristics (presence of computer or internet access at home). As a result, it was verified that those students with better socioeconomic conditions obtain the best exam results and that there were no significant differences in performance between the years 2019 and 2020. Therefore, it is concluded that schools in the North of Brazil does not fulfill the role of leveling students, which results in an advantage in Enem for those candidates with greater economic resources, making unequal access to higher education.