Impactos ambientais da Atrazina: uma revisão sistemática sobre os efeitos do agrotóxico na biodiversidade amazônica

Abstract

The intensified use of herbicides near the Amazon rainforest has raised concerns about their effects on regional biodiversity. In this context, the present study aims to analyze, through a systematic literature review, the environmental, economic, and social impacts of Atrazina use on Amazonian biodiversity, with particular focus on its effects on ecosystems and human health. The specific objectives include: systematizing scientific evidence on the mechanism of action of Atrazina in non-target organisms and its biochemical and physiological effects; identifying its main impacts on local fauna, flora, and microorganisms, especially endemic species; critically examining the consequences of human exposure to the substance in terms of public health risks; mapping the socioeconomic effects resulting from its use in Amazonian ecosystems; and compiling sustainable alternatives based on agricultural practices discussed in scientific literature. The analysis of studies published between 2010 and 2024 reveals that Atrazina, widely used in agriculture, has high solubility and environmental persistence, which facilitates its dispersion in soil and water bodies. Its effects include bioaccumulation, physiological changes in aquatic organisms, and potential health risks such as endocrine disruption. Economically, losses are observed in fishing, agriculture, and tourism, in addition to increased costs for public health and environmental remediation. The literature also highlights the insufficiency of Brazilian regulations when compared to international restrictions, emphasizing the urgency of public policy reform. Agroecological management and the use of biopesticides are presented as viable strategies to mitigate Atrazina's negative impacts. Strengthening environmental education and continuous monitoring are also essential measures. It is concluded that the gradual replacement of Atrazina and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices are crucial for the conservation of the Amazon and the assurance of socio-environmental security. KEYWORDS: atrazine, ecotoxicology, Amazon, bioaccumulation, systematic review