Política industrial no Brasil: a queda da produção industrial e uma reflexão sobre o processo industrial da Coréia do Sul de 1994 a 2021

Abstract

The present study discusses the notorious process of Brazilian deindustrialization in recent decades, largely due to its own industrial policies and development projects that have failed to improve the industrial landscape, such as the Industrial, Technological and Foreign Trade Policy and the Brasil Maior Plan, among other economic components. Given the progress around economic development debates and their streams of thought, and given that South Korea is currently a highly socially and economically developed country, the question arises: If in the panorama of the early 1980s, South Korea had a lower per capita GDP than Brazil, and by the end of the same decade, the Asian country already had an income almost three times higher than the Brazilian one, with such difference persisting to this day, what happened in the 1980s and earlier for the fate of the two to be so different? The research seeks to conduct an analysis of developmentalist streams of thought and a comparison of policies adopted in Brazil with those adopted in South Korea, which, as is known, leveraged its economic development through interventionist policies and the adoption of national companies. Using a bibliographic research, consulting scientific articles and books published in journals, the period analyzed was from 1994 to 2021. In addition to the bibliography, a relative deindustrialization indicator will be used, using data from the World Bank, the period analyzed was from 1994 to 2021. Through these measures, it was possible to validate the results of the policies adopted by the countries and conclude how South Korea, by not accepting dependence on developed countries and adopting active industrial policies, managed to present a much higher industrial performance than Brazil.