Caracterização de clareiras em uma área de floresta ombrófila densa, Manaus, AM

Abstract

The Amazon rainforest is one of the greatest cradles of biodiversity in the world, but over the years it has suffered from anthropic actions that end up generating various edge effects that end up influencing the composition of communities vegetables and local fauna. However, some of these disturbances can be naturally generated, such as falling trees, which start the clearing formation. Clearings are of great importance for maintaining the species diversity, as an opening in the canopy allows for a higher incidence of luminosity that favoring light-tolerant pioneer species and seedlings that they are on the ground looking for a space to grow. It is essential that a clearing have to go through the succession process, and litter is one of the factors fundamental for the restoration of these disturbed environments, as it works as the main route for nutrients to enter these ecosystems through their dynamics. Four clearings in a dense rainforest were selected at the Museu da Amazon (MUSA) to carry out this study. In the set of clearings, they were 67 samples of botanical material were collected through the floristic survey, where morphospecies with >5cm circumference at breast height were selected (CAP) in 10x10 m² plots. The families with the highest density of mordo species.m² in the set of gaps were: Burseraceae (0.10); Fabaceae (0.09) and Annonaceae (0.08). Litter production was evaluated using 17 collectors randomly distributed in the set of clearings. The production was seasonal in nature varying over the ten months of collection. January (rainy summer), was the month of greatest production with an average of 24.33 kg.m², followed by the months of May, June and August (transition between rainy and dry season), with an average of 15.96 kg.m², 16.87 kg.m², 20.05 kg.m², respectively. The total average production was 14.17 kg.m², while the average of the fractions were: 68% (9.60) for the leaf material; branches 15% (2.07); residues 12% (1.72), fruits 3% (0.41) and flowers 2% (0.37). Keywords: Dense ombrophilia. Clearing. burlap