Ações antrópicas na bacia hidrográfica do igarapé do leão em Manaus - AM

Abstract

This research brings a study on land use and land cover in the Igarapé do Leão Hydrographic Basin, with emphasis on the mining areas present in the basin. The specific objectives of this research were: To map land use in the hydrographic basin; verify the anthropic activities occurring in the hydrographic basin that are directly related to discovered areas; and evaluate anthropic actions on the permanent preservation areas of the igarapés. For the development of the research it was necessary to carry out a literature review on the main topics covered during the research; field survey for reconnaissance of the study area, photographic records and collection of GPS coordinates; survey of land use and land cover. From the use of available geoprocessing resources, it was possible to map 4 classes of land use and delimit permanent preservation areas that are possibly located in the upper part of the basin. Finally, it was necessary to process images from the Planet satellite, with the acquisition date of July 6, 2019, this image was processed in the Qgis 3.2 Bonn software, in order to automatically delimit the uses and coverage of such such as minings areas, uncovered or built-up areas, forest area and water body. Using Alos MDE image, it was also possible to process the base map and the APP delimitation. From the base map it was possible to obtain the basin area with 12,179.27 ha, the extension of the BR -174 highways with 6.64 km, AM - 010 10.47 km in all, of the 13 main branches with 17.87 km in all, of the 55 secondary branches with a total of 69.77 km, of the 100 tertiary branches with a total of 70.05 km, and the identification of 13 mining points. With the land use map it was possible to verify that 85.4% of the basin area is still composed by vegetation, 1.8% are water bodies, 7.3% by mineral extraction areas and 5.5% by uncovered or built-up areas. In APP's, 78.8% of the area consists of vegetation, 11.4% of water bodies, 6% of mineral extraction area and 3.8% of uncovered or constructed areas. In this way, it was possible to verify the types of anthropic actions present in the hydrographic basin of the Leão stream and the main impacts caused by them, such as water and soil problems. Keywords: Environmental impacts. Geoprocessing. Anthropogenic Actions. APP's