Produção de biodiesel a partir de óleo de soja via catálise química

Abstract

Biodiesel is a key biofuel in the fight against climate change, emits about 70% less CO2 than ordinary diesel, and has a much less detrimental effect on people's health than fossil fuels like gasoline. In addition, it diversifies agricultural activities, generates income and jobs, contributes to the country's energy security and reduces dependence on fossil diesel imports. This work aims to obtain biodiesel from soybean oil by ethyl transesterification in the presence of a basic catalyst, NaOH. This was accomplished in two ways. The first was the production of biodiesel from a factorial design 2 3 through the transesterification reaction matching distinct variables. And the second, was the process scheduling, 10 times, from the sample of best quantitative and qualitative performance of factorial design. For the oil used and for all the biodiesel samples obtained, physicochemical analyses were performed in order to study the influence of the chosen variables in the factorial design 23which the variables studied were: temperature, molar ratio (oil: alcohol) and reaction time. And verified whether the results obtained were within the standards required by the relevant regulatory body. From this, it is evident that under the conditions employed, the lower level temperature, 40ºC molar ratio and reaction time of higher levels, 1:11 e 90 minutes, respectively, favored the production of the best biodiesel, and higher yield (64%), at both the smallest and the staggered scale.