DISSERTAÇÃO - MBT Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://ri.uea.edu.br/handle/riuea/2048
Navegar
7 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Estudo do potencial biotecnológico de Aniba canelilla (H.B.K) Mez para obtenção de cosméticos(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-07-24) Silva, Geverson Façanha da; Albuquerque, Patricia Melchionna; Barata, Lauro Euclides Soares; Albuquerque, Patrícia Melchionna; Nunez, Cecília Verônica; Sakuragui, Marise MargarethThe pressure of the exploitation over the main species of Lauraceae that produce essential oils has led to a drastic reduction of its natural properties. Given the increasing demand of the cosmetic, perfume and pharmaceutical industries, the market value of these oils has increased, thus boosting the predatory exploitation of these species. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate on Aniba canelilla some biological activities, its toxic potential and offer an alternative for the sustainable utilization of byproducts generated by the essential oils industry, in order to produce cosmetic formulations, taking advantage of the Amazon's natural resources which present biotechnological potential. The oil extraction was carried out in a Clevenger type apparatus. On the distillates (oil and hydrolate) and on ethanol extracts of leaves and branches of Aniba canelilla, were verified the antibiotic activity (antifungal and antibacterial) against the fungi Candida albicans (a human pathogen), Corynespora cassiicola (tomato pathogen), Didymella bryoniae (pathogen of watermelon), and the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). The results were quantified by the size of the inhibition zone in relation to the control solution. It was also evaluated the antioxidant activity, according to the ability of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hidrazila (DPPH·) scavenger by monitoring the decrease in the absorbance. The extracts were subjected to liquid-liquid partition and tested again in order to obtain a semi-purification of its compounds. The toxicity of hydrolate and its consequent environmental impact were also evaluated, through cytotoxic assays on Artemia salina by determining the LC50 and the monitoring of genotoxic and hematological parameters on Colossoma macropomum. Finally, it was evaluated the primary stability of a cosmetic formulated from hydrolate, essential oil and extracts of Aniba canelilla. The ethanolic extract from leaves and branches demonstrated an outstanding antioxidant potential, and after liquid-liquid partition, the hydroalcoholic phase showed to be even more promising. The essential oils showed no significant inhibition percentage of DPPH. The hydrolate showed inhibition of the radical, and has biotechnological potential for use in cosmetics. Moreover, essential oils were highly toxic against C. albicans and D. bryoniae being probably the responsible for this activity, the major compound 1-nitro-2-phenylethane. In evaluating the cytotoxicity of hydrolate on A. salina, it was verified its high toxicity, indicated by lower LC50 value ≈ 5% (v /v). Considering these data, to evaluate the physiological responses in C. macropomum was used a hydrolate concentration of 1%, which promoted genotoxic damage and changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit, indicating respiratory distress on fishes. Finally, it was designed a body moisturizer, which was subjected to preliminary stability tests, being approved in cooling and centrifugation test, but disapproved on tests of thermal stress and freeze-defrost cycles. Hence, it is necessary to elaborate a new formulation. With this work, it can be concluded that A. canelilla have a promising potential to be exploited by the biotech industry in the preparation of cosmetic anti-aging creams and antifungal formulations. Keywords: Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Toxicology, Phytocosmetics.Item Estudo de atividades biológicas de óleos essenciais e extratos de espécies do gênero Aniba de interesse cosmético(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2015-04-12) Nogueira, Jéssica Rodrigues; Albuquerque , Patricia Melchionna; Lima, Emerson Silva; Albuquerque, Patricia Melchionna; Nunez , Cecilia Veronica; Castilho, Roberto Barbosa deThe skin is a lining epithelium divided into epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue, whose main functions are the protection and thermal control. In the epidermis the main cell type is the keratinocyte. Another cell type found is the melanocyte, responsible for pigmentation. Continuous sun exposure causes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulates the melanocytes to produce more pigment. As a result, it may cause stains on the skin and photoaging. Therefore, there is a need for searching compounds that can combat skin aging, particularly from natural substances. Among the many species from the Amazonian flora, Lauraceae family has stood out for having aromatic species, especially those of the genus Aniba. The Aniba rosaeodora, rosewood, is the best known species of the genus due to the production of an essential oil widely used in the perfume industry, but other species of the same genus are little known, like Aniba parviflora (macacaporanga) and Aniba canelilla (preciosa), and consequently, little is known about the biological activity and the potential of these species for the cosmetic industry. In this study the inhibiting melanogenesis activity of essential oils from A. rosaeodora, A. canelilla and A. parviflora was assessed, as well as the antioxidant activity of A. parviflora extracts and its partitions. The essential oils of leaves and stems were obtained by hydrodistillation. The extracts were macerated in ethanol and fractionated with different solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic). To evaluate the inhibition of melanogenesis in vitro, tyrosinase inhibition tests using cells and murine melanoma, and dosage of melanin was performed. Cytotoxicity was also evaluated, as well as chemical identification, by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To evaluate the antioxidant activity, the radical capture tests with DPPH and ABTS, along with phenols and flavonoids quantification were performed as screening tests for evaluating the production of reactive oxygen species in macrophages, by the method of dichlorofluorescein. The oil from leaves of A. canelilla demonstrated reduction of melanin content in comparison to the control with stimulation of melanogenesis. This oil also presented inhibition of tyrosinase on murine melanoma tests, and showed no cytotoxicity at the higher concentration studied (100 g/mL). The analysis by GC-MS enabled the identification of twenty two essential oil constituents, and 1-nitro-2-phenylethane was the major compound, constituting 87% of the oil. The hydroethanolic and ethyl acetate partitiond obtained from leaves and stems of A. parviflora showed intense antioxidant activity by inhibiting the oxidation of DPPH and ABTS at low concentrations, presenting significant amount of phenols and flavonoids. The method of dichlorofluorocein confirmed the antioxidant activity by the reduction of ROS even at the lowest study concentration of 6.25 g/mL in keratinocytes, without presenting cytotoxicity at the same concentration. Based on these results, this study proves that these Amazonian species have the potential to be explored by the cosmeceutical industry, thus adding value to Amazon products for research, development and innovation. Keywords: photo-aging, antioxidant, phyto-cosmetic, Lauraceae.Item Isolamento e a caracterização de fungos endofíticos de Virola Venosa (Poepp. Ex A. DC) Warb. com potenciais de atividades biológicas(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2015-05-12) Fernandes, Kamila Rangel Primo; Teixeira, Ana Frazão; Teixeira, Ana Frazão; Procópio, Rudi Emerson de Lima; Nunomura, Rita de CássiaThe research of endophytic fungi, especially those present in tropical species, is an innovative field in the discovery of new drugs. There are no studies on the endophytic microbiota Virola venosa species the research in question provides information from the host as from their endophytic isolates. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity and evaluate the antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi isolated from V. venosa and their plant extracts. It was carried out the isolation and characterization of endophytic fungus from V.venosa parts. It has been investigated phenolic compounds and flavonoids based on previous phytochemical selection (Screening) extracts of plants. For this, it was collected in Manaus Amazonas (latitude: 3. 6,058`S longitude: 59. 58,459`W), branches, leaves and stem V. venous both to obtain the hexane extracts, ethyl acetate and methanol, as for the isolation of endophytic fungi. 105 isolates were obtained and distributed into 16 groups, considering their macromorphological characteristics that reveal the probable presence of genres such as Phomopsis, Xylaria, Penicillium and yeasts. In the antioxidant activity assays represented results in crude extracts stem methanol 84% DPPH capture, 13,4 μg/mL IC50, leaf methanol 85% capture IC50 30 μg/mL, stem ethyl acetate has shown 84,1% of the free radical capture and DPPH IC50 equal to 34,7μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity tests were carried out using as test strains the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureuginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, which the relevant plant extracts of leaves and stems in methanol inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aureuginosa at a concentration of crude leaf extract 500 μg/ml in methanol and stem 125 μg/ml. For fungal extracts, there was inhibition of Candida albicans from 7,8 μg/ml on a fermented crude extract of a Colletotrichium and 15,6 μg/ml crude extract of mycelium of a Peniciullium, both presented fungistatic reaction. It is important to point out that the studies conducted here show the correlation between the results of the tests and the diversity of fungi existent on the host. Also the correlation between the results of its plant extracts. All of this with the intention of seeking information about the potential that endophytic fungi of Virola venosa have for biotechnology. Key words: Virola venosa, Endophytic fungi, Antioxidant, AntimicrobialItem Estudo químico e biológico de Casearia javitensis Kunth(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2015-05-20) Fachin Espinar, María Teresa; Nunez, Cecilia Veronica; Nunez, Cecilia VeronicaIn Brazil, especially in the Amazon region, there is a great biodiversity of plant species that have not been studied chemical and biologically yet. Therefore the aim of the present study was to perform chemical and biological studies of Casearia javitensis Kunth extracts. Then the hexanic and methanolic extracts as the fractions obtained from the methanolic extract of the branches and leaves from Casearia javitensis have been tested in order to identify the antimicrobial activity by diffusion method well, antioxidant activity (DPPH and Fe3+/phenanthroline) and toxicity against Artemia salina. The fractions of ethyl acetate phase obtained from the methanol extracts of the leaves and branches showed a high antioxidant potential, and the analysis by TLC of these fractions were revealed with FeCl3, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. The hexanic extract of the branches and leaves showed activity against the bacteria: Corynebacterium glutamicum, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The methanolic extracts of leaves and branches were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia marcescens. The assay against A. salina showed that none of these extracts were considered toxic. The fractionation of the hexane and methanolic extracts of the leaves yielded two compounds: -sitosterol and 4hydroxyphenyl-6-caffeoyl-β-L-glycoside (a phenol-glycoside), respectively, which were identified by 1H and 13C NMR analysis and mass spectrometry. Keywords: Antioxidant, phenol glycoside, antibacterial, Artemia salinaItem Atividade biológica e obtenção de um fitocosmético do óleo essencial e de extratos de Aniba parviflora (Meisn) Mez. (LAURACEAE(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2014-04-28) Batista, Luana Travassos; Albuquerque, Patricia Melchionna; Duvoisin Junior, Sergio; Albuquerque, Patricia Melchionna; Nunez , Cecilia Veronica; Castilho, Roberto Barbosa deAniba parviflora is a native plant from the Amazon region, and belongs to the Lauraceae family. Like other species of this family and gender, it is an aromatic plant, producer of essential oils, but with few biological properties described on the literature. Once the plants are sources of bioactive chemicals, there's a huge demand by cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food industries for new sources of compounds with commercial appeal. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate biological activities and the cytotoxic potential of essential oil and extracts from A. parviflora in order to employ it in the formulation of a phytocosmetic, therefore favoring the knowledge of biological properties of a native plant from the Amazon region and the exploitation of its natural resources in a sustainable approach. The essential oil extraction was performed through hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus. The extracts were prepared by cold maceration using ethanol as solvent, and the partitions were obtained through liquid-liquid partition, first using a water and ethanol mixture, followed by n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. It was used leaves and thin stems of A. parviflora. The investigated biological properties were antimicrobial, by using agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods; antioxidant, by free radical DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl) scavenging, measuring the absorbance decrease; and cytotoxity, using cell cultures. Only the essential oils from A. parviflora shown to be active against two of the tested bacteria strains (S. aureus e E. faecalis) with inhibition halos presenting diameters below 11 mm. The MIC was found only at the higher concentrations tested (4.0 and 2.0 mg/mL). Regarding antioxidant activity, only the extracts and its liquid-liquid partitions were active, with the best results found for crude extracts, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic partitions, presenting antioxidant potential 3 to 4 times less efficient than the standard acid ascorbic. Essential oils, extracts and its partitions from A. parviflora showed no cytotoxicity on cell cultures at 50 mg/mL. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive samples from A. parviflora showed in their chemical composition the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins and terpenes. Among the terpenoids it was found linalool, compound with many interesting activities previously described, which was found as the main component of the essential oils. Others bioactive compounds, such as espatunelol and caryophyllene were also found. Considering these finding results, it was proposed a cosmetic formulation (body emulsion), using the essential oil and a glycolic extract of A. parviflora, which was subjected to preliminary tests of stability. Through a fractionated experimental design it was proposed eight formulations of oil/water emulsions by varying the concentration of the components: base, glycolic extract (obtained from the hydroalcoholic partition diluted in propylene glycol), glycerin and vegetable oil, in order to assess the influence of these factors on the physical-chemical and organoleptic properties of the phytocosmetic. Results showed that the base was the factor which most influenced the emulsion properties, and that only the formulations kept in the dark at room temperature remained stable at the preliminary stability tests. Therefore, with this work it was possible to conclude that A. parviflora has the potential to be exploited by the cosmeceutical industry, and other biological activities should be investigated. Keywords: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity; Cosmetic.Item Estudo do potencial biotecnológico da polpa de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) in natura e da conservação das suas propriedades nutricionais em embalagens a vácuo(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2016-06-30) Azevedo, Sthéfanny Caroline Mendes; Albuquerque, Patricia Melchionna; Matsuura, Takeshi; Albuquerque, Patricia Melchionna; Souza, Érica Simplício de; Souza, Patrick Gomes deThe tucumã, also known as tucumã of the Amazonas, commonly found in the Amazon region, is a fruit derived from the Astrocaryum aculeatum palm tree, which presents local economic potential. It is characterized as a slightly acid, low sugar, high β-carotene, and high energy fruit. Given the small number of studies regarding the maintenance of its nutritional characteristics and its biotechnological feasibility, in this work it was performed the phytochemical screening and the quercetin analysis in hexanic and methanolic pulp extracts. It was evaluated the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract, as well as the solar protection activity and antimicrobial activity of methanolic and hexanic extracts. It was also verified the conservation of the nutritional properties of tucumã pulp in natura, using vacuum packaging, under freezing and cooling temperatures. The conservation of the antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract during storage was also evaluated. The packs containing tucumã pulp were stored under freezing and cooling temperatures. After 0, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days, it was verified the content of moisture, ash, pH, acidity, ethereal extract, β-carotene, vitamin A, energy, microbiological growth (coliforms and Salmonella), and antioxidant activity. It was found the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins in the methanolic extract; alkaloids and steroids in the hexanic extract, and remarkable antioxidant activity for DPPH • scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid system. It was not found the presence of quercetin in the methanolic neither in the hexanic extract of tucumã pulp. It was found a 5.65 SPF in the methanolic extract, and the lack of sun protection activity in the hexanic extract. The tucumã pulp showed no antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic strains. Conservation promoted by the vacuum packaging associated with freezing and cooling temperatures showed that the values of moisture, ash, pH, β-carotene and vitamin A are retained by the use of vacuum packaging, in freezing or cooling temperatures for 5 months of storage; acidity is conserved in vacuum packages only in a freezer for 10 days; the ethereal extract values are kept for 3 months in a freezer, and 1 month when cooled; and the energy contained in the pulp is kept for 2 months under freezing, and for 10 days under cooling. It was not detected the presence of coliforms nor Salmonella during 5 months of storage in frozen and chilled samples; and the antioxidant activity remained preserved for 2 months for frozen samples, not being preserved in refrigerated samples. It can be concluded with this work that the tucumã pulp has a high biotechnological potential for the pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries, as it presents significant antioxidant activity. The use of vacuum packaging under freezing is more efficient for conserving the nutritional properties of tucumã pulp, when compared to the cooling temperature. Keywords: tucumã, Astrocaryum aculeatum, Biotechnology, Phytochemistry, antioxidant, sunscreen, SPF, anti-microbial, conservation, vacuum.Item Avaliação da atividade antioxidante, citotóxica e antimicrobiana da espécie amazônica licaria puchury-major (mart.) kosterm(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2010-08-31) Graça, Rosilane Ramos; Silva, Ademir Castro e; Queiroz, Antonia Souza; Silva, Ademir Castro e; Lima, Emerson Silva; Camarão, HelenaAntioxidants are substances that at low concentrations can inhibit or retard the oxidation of an oxidizable substrate. The cytotoxic activity detects bioactive compounds and aims to assess or predict the toxic effects on biological systems. The antimicrobial activity open perspectives in the development of effective antimicrobial for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by them. In this context the research was conducted botanical species Amazon shares Licaria puchury-major, endemic Borba-AM., Aiming to determine the activities: antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. The quantification of total phenolics was made by Folin Ciocateau for antioxidant activity methods were DPPH., ABTS+, ß-carotene/linoleic acid system (LPO). The cytotoxicity assays were: lethality with A. saline and the test on the erythrocyte hemolytic camungongos (Mus musculus Swiss). For antimicrobial activity, we used the micro-organism: S. aureus, M. Smegimates, B. cereus, E. coli and C. albicans. The samples tested were: essential oils of flowers and leaves with their respective hydrolates, the DCM and MeOH extracts of leaves, the aqueous extracts of leaves, seeds, stems and branches thin and thick, teas, seeds, leaves, branches thick, thin and crushed leaves. In results of antioxidant evaluation, the sample with the highest total phenolic content was the essential oil of leaves (17.63±0.51mg/GAE). In the DPPH. sample that showed the best activity was the kidnapping of radical leaf essential oil (IC50=6.81mg/mL), and the ABTS method: the aqueous extracts of the stem (IC50=2.66mg/mL) and oil leaf essential (IC50=4.63mg/mL). In the method OLP samples with greater ability to inhibit oxidation were: DCM extract of leaves (61.05±2.54mg/mL), aqueous extracts of the stem (60.82±5.53mg/mL) MeOH extract of leaves (54.55±2.36mg/mL) and essential oil of leaves (53.88±1.93mg/mL). Showed no cytotoxicity in A. saline: all samples of aqueous extracts and hydrolates (> 2000μg/mL). And against the hemolytic test: The best result was the aqueous extract of the stem showing no hemolysis at any concentration. Followed by essential oils from flowers and leaves that showed hemolysis on concentration (1μg/mL) is considered low cytotoxicity. On antimicrobial activity against bacteria B. cereus and S. aureus better than the sample inhibited the halo were essential oils from flowers and leaves, extracts of leaves in DCM and aqueous seed. And against C. albicans yeast extracts in DCM and the aqueous stem and seed. It is concluded that L. puchury-major has antimicrobial and antioxidant potential and may open perspectives for the applicability biotechnology making it necessary to continue the research. Keywords: Antioxidants, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, Licaria puchury-major