CESIT - Itacoatiara
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://ri.uea.edu.br/handle/riuea/837
Navegar
127 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item A elaboração de objetos de aprendizagem para o ensino de química(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2017-08-17) Silva, Marcos Pereira daEste trabalho apresenta a inserção de tecnologias como Objetos de Aprendizagem (OAs) no contexto escolar, bem como a elaboração de um OA para o ensino de Química segundo a difusão da metodologia da Rede Interativa Virtual de Educação (RIVED) embasado na teoria do ensino pela pesquisa de Demo (2007). Além disso, este trabalho também apresenta padrões de metadados (JUNIOR et al., 2010), os repositórios de OAs, o contexto do ensino da química (MORTIMER, 2006) e a padronização de OAs. O objetivo geral deste trabalho centrou-se na avaliação de objetos de aprendizagem como ferramenta cognitiva e colaborativa na construção do conhecimento. Para chegar ao objetivo geral, foram identificados objetos de aprendizagem que contemplaram tal perspectiva de ensino em bases de dados na web; analisamos os aspectos pedagógicos e a usabilidade dos objetos de aprendizagem e, por último, demonstramos a utilização de um OA que caracteriza o ensino pela pesquisa em aulas de química. Aplicamos o OA desenvolvido em uma escola pública de ensino com uma turma de alunos do primeiro ano do ensino médio. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o OA pode ser considerado um material didático digital que contribui para facilitar e melhorar o processo de ensinoaprendizagem.Item Avaliação da segurança das máquinas e riscos associados ao trabalho de movelarias no município de Itacoatiara – AM(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2021-12-16) Xavier, Josemar da Silva; Cavalcante, Anízio de Araújo; Souza, Marcileia Santos; Costa, Mário Humberto de Oliveira; Mafra, Eduardo de SouzaDespite the growing demand from the furniture industries in Brazil, the furniture sector is considered one of those that represent the greatest danger and insecurity for its employees, since the activity of this sector is capable of causing serious accidents, in addition to exposing employees to significant amounts of mechanical, ergonomic and chemical hazards. This study aims to analyze the safety and ergonomic conditions of workers when using existing machinery in furniture stores in the city of Itacoatiara-AM. The criterion for choosing the companies studied was based on those that were located within the urban area and those that their owners accepted to participate in the research. Data collection was characterized by a qualitative exploratory and interpretive study through visual and photographic observations in loco, to assess the safety of machines and risks associated with working in furniture factories. Using as a parameter of observation the Regulatory Norms, applied to furniture companies, mainly NR-12, which deals with safety at work in machinery and equipment. The analysis of machines and equipment used in furniture factories in all processes and production sectors was carried out by visual observation, informal questions and photo recordings during the visits. In this analysis, the type of machine, time of use, maintenance, modifications carried out, activity, safety devices, risk category and evaluation of the machines according to NR-12 were considered. The twelve furniture companies analyzed in the municipality of Itacoatiara-AM, fit as micro and small companies, carrying out only secondary splitting in pieces of wood and producing furniture and sawn wood. It was proven that most companies do not provide security for their employees to carry out their activities, since the Regulatory Standards are not applied, there are no Work Safety Programs and there is no concern to eliminate risks in the work environment. Personal Protective Equipment PPE are ignored, both by employees and employers, who do not make their employees obligatory to use the equipment, and often do not provide workers with PPE suitable for furniture making activities. The machinery in these furniture factories is old and outdated, and although there have been no significant changes, the safety devices were not identified in these equipment, perhaps because they are old and do not have the safety devices, or the machines came with the devices and were removed, as they are non-existent. Some companies have small physical spaces, poorly disposed machinery (layout), inadequate lighting, poor ventilation in environments and dirty places, making traffic difficult for workers and contributing to the occurrence of accidents. Despite the high risk rates found in these furniture stores, these are risks that can be minimized or even eliminated with the mandatory use of PPE's, worker training, preparation of protections for the moving parts of machines, emergency stop devices, among other actions for local security.Item Percepções sobre a reserva legal um estudo com produtores da comunidade São João do Araçá, rio Arari, Itacoatiara-AM(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2021-12-23) Silva, Marco Antônio Melgueiro e; Campos, Daniel Ferreira; Mafra, Eduardo de Souza; Pinto, Luís Antônio de AraújoEnvironmental legislation regulated the protection of the environment through the Forest Code. The most recent version came into force in 2012 and was renamed the Native Vegetation Protection Law. The broad legal framework on which it is based, after intense disputes in the National Congress, managed to consolidate it as an instrument of environmental conservation. Currently, the percentage of native vegetation that must be maintained on rural properties to ensure the sustainable economic use of natural resources, helps in the renewal of ecological processes, promotes the conservation of biodiversity and protects native fauna and flora. This research aimed to verify the perception of producers in the community of São João do Araçá, a community belonging to the municipality of Itacoatiara - AM about the legal reserve area. Through qualitative research with a descriptive character, questionnaires were classified with ten owners of rural properties in the community. The interpretation of the results indicates that the proprietors have little knowledge about the legislation and that the vast majority (70%) of the interviewees argued that they already had knowledge about the legal reserve provision. Therefore, an active value and strengthening of this information is necessary, which deal solely and exclusively with the rights and duties of landowners and rural producers in the Rio Arari region, municipality of Itacoatiara-AM.Item Efeitos do manejo florestal sustentável sobre a fauna de mamíferos(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2021-12-16) Braga, Lilian Nascimento; Cerboncini, Ricardo Augusto Serpa; Klemann Jr., Louri; Braga, TalitaTropical forests are being disturbed by numerous human activities. Among them, selective logging stands out for being one of the main methods of logging in the tropics. Mammals are important for natural ecosystems and for the conservation of biodiversity, acting in various ecological services, such as seed dispersal agents, seed predators, top-of-the-chain predators, in addition, they are considered good indicators of both local changes in the habitat and landscape changes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of sustainable forest management on the fauna of medium and large mammals in the Central Amazon. For this, areas with different ages since the extraction of native wood, and an unexplored area were sampled. A 2 km transect was delimited on the access roads in each of the study areas. Sampling was carried out using 10 digital camera traps. The 2 km transects were covered, along the access road, to record tracks, as well as direct visual and auditory observation. Based on the analyzed data, 1,014 audiovisual records of medium and large mammals were obtained, distributed in 21 species. No significant difference was observed between the groups of areas with different exploration ages and the unexplored area. Wealth values, number of records, community structure and trace records were not affected by the exploration, ie they do not change with age since exploration. Our results show that the impacts generated by sustainable forest management, in the intensity of exploration that takes place there, do not cause significant damage to the structure of the local mammal Community.Item Mecanismos hidráulicos de tolerância à seca de bertholletia excelsa bonpl.(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2021-12-22) Moreira, Karen Ademildes Sobral; Santos, Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dos; Garcia, Maquelle Neves; Paula, Israel; Pinto, LuísBertholletia excelsa is a large tree species widely distributed in the Amazon with social and economic importance. The tree species water regulation and tolerance responses to extreme drought events, such as El Niño, are currently missing. There is no information on the impacts of severe droughts on the physiology of this species. Thus, the present study aims to identify the drought resistance mechanisms of Bertholletia excelsa. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the drought resistance mechanisms of Bertholletia excelsa. The study was performed at Aruanã farm (Itacoatiara-AM), considering nine trees with leaves of different ages (young, mature, and old). We build embolism vulnerability curves to estimate the points of 12%, 50%, and 88% of loss of hydraulic conductivity (P12, P50, and P88, respectively). Leaf drought tolerance was also studied through pressure-volume curves and estimated water potential at maximum turgor (Po), water potential at the turgor loss point (PPT), modulus of elasticity (E) and saturated water content (CRSA). The water regulation responses of Bertholletia excelsa represent hydraulic systems with intermediate resistance to embolism (average P50 = -2.58 MPa). However, this was associated with the loss in the water regulation capacity of the leaves as they are aging, reflecting a reduction in the hydraulic safety margin (HSM) in the dry season - HSM = 0.46 MPa; HSM is the difference between the P50 and the minimum water potential measured in the field. The leaf phenology is coordinated with the water regulation physiology. The young and mature leaves adjust their water potential through structural adjustments to maintain their water content. At the same time, old leaf shedding acts to reduce water loss through transpiration during the dry season, resulting in a complementary mechanism that likely helps the plant survive during the seasonal dry period. Because old leaves develop limited control of water status, as confirmed by field-measured water potential and water content in mature-old leaves. In conclusion, Bertholletia excelsa species seems to be adapted to seasonal droughts. However, with increasing frequency and intensity of droughts, the species may face problems adapting the coordinated responses between leaf, xylem, and phenology, affecting the species growth, fruit production and leading to mortality from hydraulic failure under prolonged drought conditions. Furthermore, these accumulated effects can reduce the suitable areas where the species can occur in the Amazon, affecting the natural occurrence and potential plantations throughout the Amazon.Item Exploração de produtos florestais não madeireiros na comunidade São João do Araçá, região do rio Arari, município de Itacoatiara - Amazonas(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2021-12-23) Maia, Gustavo Henrique Ferreira; Campos, Daniel Ferreira; Campos, Luís; Santos, VictorBecause of the potential to increase the income of communities, The Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) extractivism has been appointed as an instrument to integrate, via sustainable use, the conservation of forest resources with local economic and social development. This completion of course work was focused on studying the exploitation of non-timber forest products in the community of São João do Araçá, located on the banks of Arari river in the municipality of Itacoatiara, State of Amazonas. Three questions were identified as follows: (1) which species are exploited by the community, (2) which local knowledge and practices are related to the extraction of those species, (3) and the amount of family income generated by the extraction of species found in the properties. Data collection was carried out in November 2021. One field trip was done as well as interviews taken according to the time availability of each dweller. Extractivism in São João do Araçá is predominantly practiced by local communities, mainly by men with lower education degree who also are involved in other survival activities such as fishing, livestock, agriculture and cooking. Twenty-five species were identified in the community as proper for exploitation, 10 of them are considered to be of economic interest and the others hold cultural value basically, whether for local cuisine or medicine, and only 35% of the exploitation is traded within and/or outside the community. The prevailing extractive system in the community is provided with a simple methodology and technology based on local knowledge of great cultural value, which favors the work of collection or processing. The income earned with the activity varies from 500 reais to 1,500 reais, which means an amount influenced by the market price and productivity of the exploited specie. In addition, the income is gotten only at the harvest time of each species, being used to beat family expenses basically.Item Tecnologia de produção de mudas de cariniana micrantha ducke(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2022-05-20) Castro, Giovanna Amaral; Santos, Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dos; Santos, Victor Alexandre HardtInformation about the production of seedlings of forest species is scarce, and quality seedlings are important for a good planting establishment without loss of financial resources. For this, it is necessary to establish techniques for the production of healthy seedlings at a lower cost. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the production of Cariniana micrantha seedlings in different containers, substrates and production environments. The experiment was carried out in the forest nursery of the Centro de Estudos Superiores de Itacoatiara/AM. Polyethylene plastic bags of 0.5, 1.3 and 2.8 liters and tubes with volumes of 55, 180 and 290 ml were tested as production containers. The seedlings produced in the larger volume containers obtained negative results for all the studied variables, while the smaller volume containers presented better results for the development of the seedlings. For the evaluation of substrates, two types were tested, organic and mineral based, both received fertilization, one with slow-release fertilizer and the other with soluble fertilizers, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two substrates for the variables: seedling survival, stem diameter, height growth, total dry biomass and aerial biomass. There was only significant difference in relation to root biomass, the organic substrate provided the best root development. Regarding acclimatization, the seedlings were placed in a shady and full sun environment, the seedlings that remained in the shade showed no variation in the values of maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, only the seedlings in full sun showed low values, reaching 0 ,4, but with recovery between the 10th and 11th day. Thus, it is possible to observe that C. micrantha seedlings have the potential for acclimatization, but with a period longer than 11 days.Item Regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas de interesse comercial em área submetida ao manejo florestal em pequena escala no Médio Amazonas(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2022-05-20) Goes, Fábio Balieiro de; Santos, Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dos; Santos, Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dosSmall-scale forest management is practiced by small landowners, but the lack of information on the forest's ability to regenerate prevents a better understanding of the true impacts caused on the structure and dynamics of the forest. In this study, we evaluated the natural regeneration of commercial tree species in an area subjected to small-scale, low-impact forest management. For this, a study was carried out in an area of terra firme forest that suffered exploitation in 2020, located in the municipality of Silves, Amazonas, in the middle Amazon region. Twenty gaps were selected, which were characterized according to size, canopy opening and edge forest height. Natural regeneration was diagnosed in all gaps from the identification of saplings (height > 1.3 m) of commercial tree species in nine plots of 2 x 2 m. Canopy opening was associated with gap size, but not associated with forest height at the gap edge. A total of 205 individuals were found belong to 42 species and 11 botanical families. The three species that were most repeated in this study were Protium apiculatum, Protium decandrum and Goupia glabra with 47, 30 and 10 individuals respectively. Each gap had an average of 10.25 individuals, and an average of 1.14 individuals per plot. Regarding the species, each gap presented an average of 2.1, and an average of 0.23 species per plot. Canopy opening was positively associated with species abundance and species richness. On the other hand, no association between canopy opening and the composition of species regenerating in gaps was observed. Therefore, the availability of light, represented by the canopy openness, positively affects the number of seedlings and species of natural regeneration in logging gaps in a small-scale, low-impact forest management area. However, the disproportion in the distribution of species among the seedlings – most seedlings were of a few species – suggests the need for enrichment plantations to improve the composition of commercial species in the gaps.Item Estabelecimento inicial de aniba rosaeodora ducke em plantios comerciais sobre solo com variações texturais na Amazônia Central(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2021-12-22) Silva, Graziely Pessoa da; Santos, Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dos; Santos, Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dos; Santos, . Luís Antônio Çoutrim dos; Garcia, Maquelle NevesThis study aimed to evaluate whether the initial development of Aniba rosaeodora - a species of great social, economic and environmental relevance in the Amazon - is influenced by soil texture along a topographic gradient.The work was carried out at Fazenda Simpatia, located at km 3 of Ramal da Sudam, on the right bank, municipality of ltacoatiara, Amazonas. Over the two hectares of Aniba rosaeodora plantation, the following characteristics were measured, in 10 plots, with 30 trees each: 1) Diameter of the collar, 1O cm above the ground, using a precision digital caliper (O, 01 mm); 2) Full height (AT) using a measuring tape; 3) lnsertion height (AI) of the crown using a measuring tape; 4) Diameter of the crown (DC) in the projections of the lines and between the lines using a measuring tape. From the crown height, crown projection height and crown diameter data, the crown length (CC) and crown volume (VC) were calculated. ln addition to dendrometric information, soil samples were collected in the center of each inventoried plot. ln each plot, samples were collected in the layers of O - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm in depth, using the mini trench technique. Statistical analysis was obtained using the Pearson correlation coefficient. A small variation in altitude - 11.3 meters (54.68 - 43.39 m) - provided a significant variation in the clay and sand contents of the soil. The association between plot altitude and soil texture, in the two evaluated layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm), was proven by the correlation analysis, except for the silt values. lt was observed that as the altitude of the plot increased, the soil was more concentrated in clay and less concentrated in sand. Soils in plots with an altitude of less than 47.3 meters were mostly sandy in the O - 20 cm layer; while in plots with altitude above this limit, medium textured soils were observed in the O - 20 cm layer. ln the 20 - 40 cm layer, most of the sampled soils were of medium texture, with the exception of the plot at 43.39 meters of altitude where the soil was sandy; and the plot at 54.68 m where the texture in the subsurface layer was clayey. High mortality (>30%) and variation in growth among trees in the plantation were observed. Variation in tree growth was associated with soil texture along the topographic gradient; therefore, the dendrometric characteristics of the species were associated with the concentration of sand (greater growth) and clay (lower growth) in the superficial and subsuperficial layers of the soil. ln conclusion, the results show that the soil texture varies according to terrain altitude changes, positively influencing the initial establishment of Aniba rosaeodora planting in conditions of higher sand concentration in the lower parts of the topography in the region of the municipality of ltacoatiara.Item Resistência natural de sete madeiras amazônicas a fungos xilófagos em ensaio de laboratório(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2022-05-18) Aguiar, Jair Franco; Santos, Luis Antônio Coutrim dos; Brocco, Victor Fassina; Cavalcante, Anizio de Araújo; Mafra, Eduardo de SouzaThis study aimed to evaluate the natural durability of seven Amazonian woods, arurá vermelho, louro gamela, louro preto, marupá, sucupira preta, sucupira vermelha, tanimbuca, submitted to the accelerated decay test in laboratory with the fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum, which causes brown rot; and Pyconoporus sanguineus, which causes white rot. The species were previous analyzed by macroscopic wood anatomic analysis to confirm the provided identification. The samples remained in contact with the fungi during 12 weeks and after this period the percentages of mass loss were calculated, classified according to the degree of natural resistance and evaluated according to the susceptibility to attack. The means of the results were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The macroscopic anatomical analysis of the species allowed to confirm the identification at the genus level for the species, arurá vermelho (Iryanthera sp.), louro gamela (Sextonia rubra), louro preto (Ocotea sp.), marupá (Simarouba amara), sucupira preta (Diplotropis racemosa), sucupira vermelha (Andira parviflora), and tanimbuca (Buchenavia sp.), indicating that the identification provided by the company was adequate for the material supplied. Regarding the natural durability of the Amazonian woods tested, the results were inexpressive, in which the specie Simarouba amara was the most susceptible to deterioration during the 12 weeks of testing, and obtained a mass loss of ~25% for the fungus G. trabeum, being considered of moderately resistant according to the rating provided by the AWPA E30-16. The louro preto wood had the second highest mass loss (4%), followed by the other species, where no significant difference was observed. It was observed that the mass losses obtained were not very expressive when compared to those found in other studies, The mass loss of marupá wood subjected to the fungus P. sanguineus was close to 4%, classifying the wood as highly resistance to the respective fungus, however, the data obtained differ from those found in the literature, where marupá is commonly classified as moderately to non-resistant. The other species were classified as highly resistant. Future studies with other fungal cultures are recommended to obtain more expressive data.