Levantamento etnolotânico e etnofarmacalógico de plantas medicinais em duas comunidades na floresta nacional de Tefé, Amazonas.

Abstract

The use of plant resources occurs since the first civilizations, in particular the use of its medicinal properties. In the Amazon it is common for traditional populations to use home remedies. This work aimed to carry out an ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in two communities in the National Forest of Tefé. Eighteen people were interviewed, selected by the snowball technique. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews and guided tours. Health problems were classified according to the statistical classification of diseases and health-related problems (ICD-10). The data were tabulated in the Excel program. Shannon's diversity index (H '), Pielou's equitability index (J), agreement of use (CUP) and CUP with correction factor (CUPc) indexes were also calculated. 84 species identified in 44 botanical families were identified. The families Lamiaceae (22 citations), Fabaceae (19 citations), Rutaceae (14 citations) and Asteraceae (13 citations) had the highest number of citations. The most cited species were Endopleura uchi (Uixi) and Gossypium sp. (Cotton-purple). Diseases related to the digestive system, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems showed greater representativeness. Leaves were the most used plant parts. The most mentioned method of preparation was tea. The backyard had greater relevance as the place to acquire plant resources. The index of H '= 4.15, indicating high diversity for this type of work and J = 0.95, indicating homogeneity in the use of the diversity of medicinal plants. The species that had the largest CUPc were Carapa guianensis (Andiroba) with 77.8% and Endopleuroa uchi (Uixi) with 66.7%, which highlights the cultural importance of the species for medicinal use in communities. The communities studied have a wealth of knowledge about medicinal plants, in addition to a wide use of home remedies.