Evolução e distribuição da mortalidade por causas externas nas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to analyze the evolution and distribution of homicide mortality in the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions, focusing on homicide rates, from 1980 to 2014. Data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) sex, age, and subgroups of causes: Firearm assault (homicide, determined intent) and other assaults without a firearm (homicide, legal intervention). At the beginning, the mortality rates were standardized by the direct method, using the Brazilian Mortality Rate (TBM) and the Specific Mortality Rate (TEM), in the case of the Metropolitan Region of Manaus (RMM). The results obtained in homicide mortality rates in MRIs in the last 20 years of the period, Homicide Rates were almost always below the national average, and from the late 1990s the populations of some MRIs experienced an escalation of violence mainly in the RMs of Greater Vitória (82.51 in 1998), Recife (70.45 in 1999), Fortaleza (68.72 in 2014), Salvador (65.27 in 2010) and Belém (61.05 in 2011). From the decade of 2010 onwards, there is a trend of growth in rates, adding that RMs have different characteristics. The negative results of the rates were observed in the São Paulo RMs from 2000 (14.75 lowest rate in 2014), Rio de Janeiro from 1997 (29.96 lowest rate in 2014) and Belo Horizonte from 2005 (33, 56 lowest rate in 2014) that exposed at lower risk of interpersonal violence their population. Violence in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus was the highest recorded in 2011 with a rate of 45.56 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, showing cyclical times of increase and decline, but without long periods of decline as presented by other RMs. What metropolitan regions have in common are violent events targeting the 15-29 year-old age groups, where the highest death risk from homicides are concentrated. In the metropolitan region of Manaus, the same age group is the one with the highest rate (29.53% in 2011), showing a growth trend in the last two years of the period. The host city, Manaus, concentrates more than 90% of the total homicide records, accounting for 77.32% of all homicides occurred in the state of Amazonas in 2014, considering that there is a greater concentration of population in the city. The analysis of the evolution of homicide mortality made it possible to identify patterns of violence based on homicide rates, as well as to observe the changes in mortality levels among the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions compared to RMM.