Proposta de tambor séptico biodigestor para Várzea Amazônica e sua contribuição para o tratamento de esgoto na conservação dos recursos hídricos

Abstract

Domestic sewage is the main contributor to the contamination of surface and groundwater, directly affecting the quality of life of the populations and causing the spread of diseases. In rural areas, one of the major challenges is the scarcity of low/cost technologies that can replace rudimentary blackwater systems and even direct landfills. The objective of this study was to propose a compact single - family sewage treatment system, using an alternative biofilter, appropriate to the different types of Amazonian contexts (full and empty) and demonstrate its importance for the conservation of water resources. In order to reach these objectives, a traditional Amazonian community was initially characterized geographically. In the sequence, an alternative system was constructed and implemented in this community with easyaccess materials and with a bio-filter of acai seeds. To verify its efficiency, analyzes of physicochemical parameters were performed. It was also presented an estimate of the contribution of organic load that the rural population of the northern region launches without treatment directly in the soil and/or springs. Location maps, density, and areas subject to the seasonal flooding of the Nossa Senhora de Fátima do Jandira, Iranduba - AM community were made. The prototype called Biodigester Septic Drum - BSD, which uses açaí seeds as filter media, showed a proven efficiency of removal of pollutants. And the estimates presented show that to achieve universalisation in sanitation it is necessary to reach rural households. The research contribute directly and/or indirectly to the integrated management of sanitation and water resources, providing a tool that contributes to the conservation and preservation of streams, rivers, lakes and lagoons, with the capacity to become public policy in areas of Amazonian floodplain.