Produção, isolamento e identificação de colorantes produzidos por fungos isolados de amostras de solo amazônico
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Universidade do Estado do Amazonas
Resumo
Synthetic dyes when used in over, may cause some toxic effects to health, such as
mutagenicity, carcinogenic potential, hyperactivity in children, urticaria, stomach ache and
vomit. Fungal dyes are an alternative to synthetic ones because they have the potential to
present lower toxicity, greater biodegradability, besides being able to possess antimicrobial,
antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, few studies have investigated the potential of
the Amazonian fungi for dye production. The purpose of the present study were to produce,
isolate and identify dyes produced by fungi from Amazonian soil. Two hundred fungal
isolates obtained from samples of Amazonian soil and belonging to the Collection of
Microorganisms of INPA were used in this study. The isolates were evaluated for their ability
to produce dyes. The isolates that showed the most intense dyes were submitted to a
submerged bioprocess and identified by sequencing of the ribosomal DNA ITS region. The
most intense colorant produced by one of the fungi tested in these bioprocesses was subjected
to preparative chromatography (thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography) and
the isolated dye was identified by spectrophotometric methods (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and
mass spectroscopy. Univariate experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of
different bioprocess factors on dye production. As main results, we observed that of the 200
strain investigated, 45 were able to produce dyes. The strains Penicillium sclerotiorum LM
5679, Penicillium sp. LM 5903 and Penicillium sp. LM 5924 stood out producing the most
intense dyes. The colored substance produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679 has been
isolated and chemically identified as an alkylresorcinol (5-pentadacylresorcinol). Regarding
the influence of the bioprocess factors, sucrose, yeast extract and sodium nitrate increased
production the dye. In view of the above results, the fungi of the Amazonian soil are potential
producers of dyes and further studies on the stability, toxicity and applicability of these
compounds are necessary for their subsequent insertion in the market.