Aproveitamento do resíduo sólido da hidrodestilação de aniba parviflora (meissn) mez e aniba rosaeodora ducke (lauraceae): obtenção de enzimas fúngicas

Abstract

The essential oils industry generates waste that can be reused as substrates in biotechnological processes. In this work, the solid waste generated after the extraction of essential oil Aniba parviflora (macacaporanga) and A. rosaeodora (rosewood) was used in the solid fermentation for two fungal species Aspergillus brasiliensis and Trichoderma harzianum for obtaining cellulase, xylanase and pectinase, enzymes with wide industrial application. After the fungal culture, the aqueous extract obtained was used to evaluate the cellulolytic, xylanolytic and pectinolytic activity by reacting it with carboxymethylcellulose, xylan and polygalacturonic acid, respectively. First, we conducted a 2 5-1 experimental design, to select variables (substrate moisture, time, temperature and addition of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus) that significantly influence enzyme activity, and then determine the best growing conditions of fungi on solid media that promote the highest enzymatic activities, using both fungi inoculated in the form of mycelia disks and spore’s suspension on the two residues. After, it was carried out a 23 full factorial design, where the best variables were selected using the fungus A. brasiliensis inoculated as mycelia disks and spore’s suspension on macacaporanga’s residue. The value of variables cultivation time (9 days) and temperature (24oC) were fixed. The best result was obtained for pectinolytic enzyme activity (53.18 U/gbs), using as inoculum mycelial disks, 95% moisture content, and the supplementation of the residue with 1.5% nitrogen and 1.0% phosphorus. Then it was performed a 2 2 full factorial design in order to obtain the best results for pectinase enzyme, using the fungus A. brasiliensis inoculated as mycelial disks on the macacaporanga’s residue, during a 9 days at 24oC. The best result (211.57 U/gbs) was observed when using 99% moisture content and the residue was supplemented with 0.5% nitrogen and 1.0% phosphorus. Using the experimental design it was possible to increase A. brasiliensis pectinolytic activity by 8.4 times. From the results, it was proven that the solid residue of the steam distillation can be employed for the production of fungal enzymes in order to make better use of Amazon natural resources. However, it is suggested that more detailed optimization studies with other variables should be performed in order to obtain higher enzymatic activities.