Caracterização taxonômica do microbioma bacteriano intestinal de comunidades ameríndias na Amazônia brasileira

Abstract

The human gut houses millions of bacteria, which together are known as microbiome or intestinal flora. Investigating the human gut microbiome of traditional communities brings us relevant information on how the ancestral microbiome states were in early human civilizations and how changes occurred over time. Therefore, the objective of this research was to characterize the gut microbiome taxonomically of traditional Amerindian societies within the Brazilian Amazon and verify the resistance profile of Escherichia coli against the antibiotics most used by medicine. For this, fecal samples were collected from 18 Yanomami Indians living in villages in the areas of Roraima and Amazonas, and 12 non-Yanomami individuals living in Manaus. Initially, a new generation sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA region was carried out, which allowed the taxonomic identification of the bacteria that make up the intestinal microbiome. The resistance of E. coli, isolated from fecal samples, was evaluated against seven antibiotics of modern medicine (Ampicillin, Penicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Cephalexin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin and Tetracycline) by antibiogram. A difference was found between the Yanomami population and Manaus population when compared to the main genera found in the composition of the intestinal microbiome, especially in relation to the bacteria characteristic of populations with traditional lifestyle, such as Prevotella and Treponema. In relation to the susceptibility profile of E. coli, high levels of resistance were observed by the Yanomami bacteria, only Gentamicin was able to inhibit the growth of the bacteria. Differently from the bacteria of Manaus individuals, who presented a sensitivity profile for six of the seven antibiotics tested. Despite the contact with the urbanized populations, the Yanomami of the Brazilian territory still maintains in their intestinal microbioma the bacteria of a traditional community. Key words: Gut microbiome, Antibiotics Resistance, Yanomami.