Cuidados de enfermagem direcionados à população em situação de rua: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

To investigate, through an Integrative Literature Review, the scientific evidence on nursing care for homeless people in their health-disease process. Method: Integrative Literature Review (ILR) study. The search took place between 2011 and 2023 on the following platforms: 1) Virtual Health Library (VHL), 2) Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE)/PUBMED and 3) Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The research question was guided by the PICo mnemonic. Four phases of the Preferred 5 Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) diagram of article selection flow were used. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) tool was used to analyze the methodological design of the selected articles. Results: 751 articles were identified, of which 663 were excluded after applying the filters and inclusion and exclusion criteria, leaving 33 articles for evaluation, leaving 24 articles for final analysis. The articles were divided into three categories of analysis: Care in the Educational Dimension, Care in the Caregiving Dimension and Care in the Social Dimension. In the educational dimension, activities of a collective nature and in educational groups show positive results. Living on the streets puts people at greater risk of physical health problems, including musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, accidental injuries and violence, oral health problems and mental illness. Given the interactions with multiple acute care systems and the complex health and behavioral care needs of PSR, including chronic disease management needs and acute care coordination, a PSR-centered care home appears to be a good solution for improving health outcomes in this population. In the social dimension, resources such as resilience, coping and positive social networks can be protective throughout life. Conclusion: The articles analyzed showed that care for PRS goes beyond essentially care, as it is a much more complex condition that requires greater professional qualification in nursing, in order to expand their care