Analogias no ensino de biologia: análise de livro didático utilizado nas escolas de Manaus/AM

Abstract

It is evident the problematic conditions faced in the educational field in Brazil, in the present times, the teacher needs to seek innovations, research, new teaching techniques, differentiated methodologies and use projects in the school. In the search for alternatives to make the study meaningful, favoring a real learning, there is a significant learning of Ausubel (1982) as a mechanism that facilitates learning and can highlight the analogies as an important tool that is present in the books didactic In this way, the present study had as general objective to investigate the analogies in the teaching of Biology, verifying the contributions and limitations for meaningful learning of the students, through the textbooks used in the schools of the state school network of Manaus / AM. This research was carried out based on the textbook most used in the classes of High School, in the schools of the municipality of Manaus, in Amazonas. Analogies were highlighted, by modules and chapters, making the classification, obeying the studies of Ferraz and Terrazzan (2001). The research followed with the critical analysis, highlighting the positive and negative aspects to be understood by the teachers in the use of analogies. It can be perceived that they are essential instruments for meaningful student learning, allowing the same to relate the knowledge of their day to day with the scientific knowledge addressed in the classroom. However, if such analogies are misused, it will cease to be a facilitator to become an obstacle to learning. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that the educator be prepared to use and criticize the analogies found in textbooks, and may even employ another analogy to facilitate understanding of the content. Analogies promote the learning of new concepts already existing, developing several cognitive processes. In this way, it is important to emphasize that the use of analogies in a correct way, contributes to the improvement of students' learning, becoming an apparatus of fundamental importance for the development of Biology teaching. The research ended with the proposition of analogies considering the Amazonian context.