Prospecção de agentes antifúngicos de interesse agronômico em espécies do genêro Penicillium

Abstract

The genus Penicillium has several species already identified as producers of bioactive molecules derived from their secondary metabolism, showing prominence in several biological activities of interest such as antifungal activity. More and more, several countries have been using microorganisms, especially fungi, as agents for the biocontrol of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, since these are considered natural agents and with great efficiency in protecting economically valuable crops worldwide. Bearing in mind the concern with the use of techniques that aim to preserve cultures of economic value, such as the guarana crop, a plantation widely cultivated for commercialization in several industrial sectors in the state of Amazonas and harnessing the capacity of fungi, mainly of the genus Penicillium in producing bioactive substances and its ability to act as a biocontrol agent this work aims to verify the antifungal potential of different species of fungi of the genus Penicillium (MMSRG-020) in combating the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium decemcellulare (MMSRG-110) through tests of antibiosis, as well as chemically analyzing the secondary metabolites involved in the activities to be discovered. Antibiosis assays showed that the fungus MMSRG-020 (Penicillium sp.) acted as a mycoparasite against the phytopathogenic fungus MMSRG-110 (Fusarium decemcellulare), preventing its growth and causing the phytopathogen to lose one of its main characteristics, which is the color of its mycelium, such activity demonstrates the ability of MMSRG-020 to act as an important biocontrol agent against the main phytopathogen of guarana through the process of mycoparasitism. The analysis by mass spectrometry showed that in the different culture media in which MMSRG-020 was cultivated, at retention point 6.28 it presented a mass value of 299.2 (m/z), identified as the 4-Aminophyscion molecule (C16H13NO5) , an anthraquinone, first recorded as a natural product isolated from the fungus Dermocybe canaria (order Agaricales) and which in this work was identified for the first time in the genus Penicillium, an identification that corroborates the elucidation of possible important biological activities arising from this anthraquinone. Keywords: Penicillium; secondary metabolism; biocontrol agentes; mass spectrometry.