Farmacovigilância para o uso de soro antiofídico em pacientes atendidos em hospital de referência na Amazônia

Abstract

To evaluate adverse reactions associated with the use of antivenom in patients treated at a referral hospital in the Brazilian Amazon. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive and observational study. The sample consisted of all patients treated during the study period and who received antivenom. The study variables were: Sex, age group, race/ethnicity, previous treatment, type of antivenom, number of vials, signs and symptoms. The instrument used was the Adverse Reaction Reporting Form from the Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, adapted from the Butantan Institute. The data were analyzed using R Studio software. The variables were described in tables, and statistical techniques such as Student's t-test or chi-square test were used for comparisons, and nonparametric tests were used when necessary. A significance level of 5% (p<0.05) was adopted, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 152 patients, 9 (5.92%) presented an early adverse reaction and 1 (0.65%) presented a late adverse reaction. Conclusion: Antivenom is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and to the recovery of patients who are victims of snakebites. Adverse reactions rarely occurred, and when they did occur, they were mainly mild and early in nature, such as urticaria and facial flushing.