Má oclusão em crianças de 05 anos de idade - análise dos inquéritos nacionais 2000-2023

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze malocclusion in the deciduous dentition using the results of the national epidemiological surveys SB Brasil 2000, 2010, and 2023, comparing the prevalence between the North region and Brazil as a whole. This is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study based on the analysis of secondary data from the three national epidemiological surveys. Data from 26,641 children in SB 2000, 5,511 in SB 2010, and 28,740 in SB 2023 were analyzed, with a specific focus on the North region (4,678, 1,429, and 7,068 children, respectively). Occlusal conditions were evaluated according to standardized criteria of Foster and Hamilton (1996): canine key, overjet, overbite, and posterior crossbite. National surveys revealed that 66.7% of 5-year-old children presented at least one malocclusion condition in the SB Brasil 2010 survey. The canine relationship showed a predominance of Class I (77.1%), followed by Class II (16.6%) and Class III (6.4%). Regarding overjet, 68.3% presented normality, 22.0% increased overjet, and 2.8% anterior crossbite. Posterior crossbite was present in 21.9% of the children. The North region presented specific epidemiological characteristics, reflecting regional socioeconomic inequalities. Deleterious oral habits, present in 53.3% of the children, emerged as important modifiable risk factors. It can be concluded that malocclusion in 5-year-old children represents a significant public health problem in Brazil, with important regional disparities. The North region presents epidemiological particularities that demand specific attention from public policies. The implementation of preventive and interceptive orthodontic strategies within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), combined with health education and professional training, constitutes a fundamental approach to reducing the prevalence of malocclusions and their functional and psychosocial consequences in the Brazilian child population.