Espaço vivido na ocupação castanhal: reflexões a partir da escuta das crianças

Abstract

This study discusses the perceptions of children about the lived spaces available in the Castanhal occupation, located in the southern zone of the city of Parintins. This is a phenomenological study with ethnographic assumptions which highlights the children in their daily lives, their ways of perceiving and representing the space they live in, the links they establish with the place mediated by the conditions of access to the policies to which they have a right, such as: housing, health, education and leisure. Our objective was not to analyze what is missing in the lives of the families living there, nor to denounce the precariousness that plagues the lives of children living in improvised occupations, but to analyze the context that they concretely have, establishing a dialog between our adult/researcher look and the perceptions of the children themselves about their daily lives and their experiences as citizens. In this path, the phenomenological contributions and ethnographic assumptions were fundamental, for allowing an approximation with the context and with the research subjects, besides the adults with whom they live together. For this, the interview techniques, conversation rounds, direct observation and, above all, the production of metal maps, were the starting point for our interpretation with reading and interpretation by means of the Kozel methodology (2007) to apprehend in more depth the children's perceptions, the ways they think the world in which they live, their daily lives. The study was based on authors such as Rolnik (1995; 2009) and Spósito (2010) to discuss the city and its social and economic aspects when dealing with the right to housing, Tuan (1983), Santos (2006) and Kozel (2013; 2007) to better understand concepts such as territory, space and place. The results obtained show different aspects of life in the occupation, the challenges and unfoldings of the childhoods built there and how the children develop their identities and their relationship with the place, although the infrastructure of Castanhal may in the first instance seem immobilizing of an "ideal" childhood. The reflection that arises from this study shows that in the children's representation, the place where they live is the symbolic construction of a reality that is represented in the confluence of what is lived and what is imagined, even in such adverse quality of life conditions, childhoods are developed, the games are put into action by the children as a way of apprehending the place where they are inserted, a parallel or alternative way of affirmation and social interaction. Different from the adults' perception of the precariousness and violence in the occupation, the children perceive the place with a range of possibilities to interact and have fun, each space is seen as a way to experience childhood.