Riqueza, abundância e diversidade de epífitas na arborização urbana da Avenida da Amizade na cidade de Tabatinga-AM

Abstract

The course conclusion work entitled wealth, abundance and diversity of epiphytes in the urban afforestation of the Avenida da Amizade in the city of Tabatinga, Amazonas, was carried out from 2019/I to 2020/II, with a 15-month break due to the recess mandatory by the Covid-19 pandemic. The general objective of the research was to compare the richness, abundance, diversity and vertical distribution of epiphytes found in the afforestation of the Avenida da Amizade city of Tabatinga, Brazil. The specific objectives were to write the richness, abundance, and diversity of epiphytes found in the afforestation of the Avenida da Amizade city of Tabatinga, Brazil. To describe the vertical distribution and succession of epiphytes found in the afforestation of the Avenida da Amizade city of Tabatinga, Brazil and assess whether the diversity and vertical distribution of epiphytes influence the development of the afforestation of the trees on the Avenida da Amizade in the city of Tabatinga. There is a question whether epiphytes are harmful to urban afforestation, so this study contributes to defend the proposal that epiphytes help to maintain afforestation by not being active parasites of trees, helping to collect water and nutrients for the phophophyte plant or host and increasing the beauty of the trees by showing various types of ornamental plants such as ferns, orchids and bromeliads. The research work was carried out on the Avenida da Amizade in the municipality of Tabatinga, which is the main avenue in the city. The study area is a 3km transept, in the median of Avenida da Amizade, characterized by the presence of Ficus benjamina L. The survey was carried out based on protocol 14 for herbs and epiphytes proposed by SANTOS ET AL. (2019), following MARI (2014), the methodology of floristic survey and vertical distribution of vascular epiphytes was applied. For the floristic survey, 34 trees (main phorophytes) of the same species (Ficus benjamina L.) were sampled and analyzed along the transept. The results regarding species richness were that the average number of species in the total epiphytes recorded was 3.9 morphospecies, with a standard deviation of 1.2 ranging between 1 and 6 morphospecies per tree occupying the space generated by the stems in the trees. These morphospecies are composed of orchids, bromeliads, ferns, lichens and mosses. The functional types or guilds found in the research of the trees were, orchid, bromeliad, fern, lichen and moss with 1 tree; orchid, fern, lichen and moss with 11 trees; fern, moss and lichen with 10 trees and only 2 fern with fern. The maximum value of relative abundance of the species was 59 individuals distributed among the 5 morphospecies, the Simpson biological diversity index was calculated for the 34 trees sampled on Avenida da Amizade, the average diversity value was 0.437. The present work aimed to carry out a qualitative diagnosis of the urban afforestation of Avenida da Amizade. To the question whether the trees are stunted and unsuitable for afforestation because they do not have epiphytes, or are they densed and developed because there is a community of epiphytes that help their development and, therefore, suitable for afforestation, the answer is that in the understanding of this research the trees or phorophytes are developed by the presence of epiphytes that offer growth aid. This, in addition to helping the plant health of the trees, gives them important beautifying characteristics, as these trees are tending to form a typical physiognomy of a natural tropical forest, whose image is a symbol of the Amazon and the ecological communities that support it.