Avaliação dos impactos socioambientais da mineração em Juruti - Velho/PA: um estudo de caso da mineradora alcoa

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the socio-environmental impacts of mining in Juruti Velho/PA, focusing on soil degradation caused by the Alcoa mining company. The research seeks to understand the development dynamics and territorial conflicts generated by this activity. Thus, the direct and indirect environmental impacts include timber exploitation, deforestation, mineral processing, and the direct effects of mineral extraction. The establishment of mining companies in the Amazon generates expectations of industrialization, but mining and metallurgical activities present limitations for broad and socially rooted development, prioritizing capitalist profitability. Traditional communities fight for their territory, not for bauxite mining. The physical impacts of mining are severe, including pollution and water alterations, resulting in poverty and underdevelopment. Mining activity and environmental sustainability are antagonistic processes, with mineral extraction inevitably devastating large areas of vegetation. The research used a qualitative and quantitative approach involving fieldwork with the application of a questionnaire with open and closed questions, considering that despite advances in infrastructure and income, the negative socio-environmental impacts of mining in Juruti-Velho are undeniable and complex.