Barreiras e facilitadores a realização do exame preventivo e as formas de prevenção do câncer do colo de útero: usuários do SUS

Abstract

Cervical cancer, also known as cancer of the cervix, is a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the cervix. This cancer is most often caused by persistent infection with oncogenic types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, which are primarily transmitted through sexual contact. Objective: To understand the barriers and facilitators faced by users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in undergoing the Papanicolaou test, as well as strategies for the prevention of cervical cancer. Method: A descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted with 20 SUS users from two Primary Health Care Units in Manaus, Amazonas, located in the eastern and western areas of the city. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted using a specific interview guide. Data analysis was performed using Thematic Network Analysis. Results: Eight organizing themes and one global theme emerged. The main barriers were related to specimen collection days and work routines. The main facilitating factors included the presence of female health professionals and the implementation of individualized health education. Conclusion: The users demonstrated high vulnerability but maintained a high level of adherence to cytopathological screening. Although most participants undergo the test

annually, the continuity of screening depends on access to accurate information, quality of care, and the establishment of strong bonds with health professionals.