Caracterização anatômica e identificação de madeiras comerciais exploradas em área de manejo florestal na Amazônia central

Abstract

The anatomical analysis of wood plays an essential role in the fight against illegal timber trade, and currently, this approach is exploring new methodologies to combine traditional techniques that accelerate and optimize the correct identification of species. In view of this, the present work aims to describe macroscopically the wood of 23 commercial woods exploited in a forest management area in the Amazon and to identify the main differences between the species for the elaboration of an identification booklet. The material used in this study came from species exploited in a forest management area of the company Mil Madeiras Preciosas Ltda. – Precious Woods Amazon/PWA, located on Highway AM 363, rural area of the municipality of Itacoatiara (AM). Wedge-shaped woods were obtained, which were later sent to the CESIT-UEA Wood Technology Laboratory for analysis of their general and organoleptic characteristics. Then, the material was made into smaller pieces with the dimensions of 3x 3x 5x cm, for anatomical characterization and identification by macroscopic analysis. The most common anatomical structures were aliform paratracheal axial parenchyma, sparse, in bands and non-stratified rays. Based on the similarity analysis (Cluster), the 23 species were divided into 4 groups, formed from their anatomical characters, which included the grouping of the woods. The genera Manilkara and Dipterix were the ones that presented the greatest dissimilarity between species. The anatomical variations of the studied species presented peculiarities that could be observed from the meticulous macroscopic analysis and allowed the creation of a booklet for the identification of the species