Aspectos sócio econômico da extração dos óleos de andiroba (carapa spp.) e copaíba (copaifera spp.) em comunidades rurais do município de Silves, estado do Amazonas

Abstract

The Amazon forest, with its richness and diversity, offers us innovative and efficient natural products with potential for food, agricultural, medicinal, cosmetic, pharmaceutical industry, among others. Particularly in the last three decades, special attention has been given to plants that produce essential oils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contributions of Green Living Association of the Amazon – AVIVE for residents of rural communities supplying essential oils of Andiroba and Copaiba. The present study was performed in three places: 1) AVIVE; 2) São Pedro rural community; and 3) Marupá locality, located in the municipality of Silves, State of Amazon. Data collection took place between the months of August and October. The research techniques used in data collection were interviews with questionnaires with andiroba and copaíba extractivists, with the president, associate and partners of AVIVE. Documentary research was also carried out on the registration book and the Bylaws of AVIVE. The productive chain was studied, both by the traditional method and by the mechanized method, andiroba and copaiba, from the collection to the commercialization of the final product. The results identified that AVIVE, between 2010 and 2016, developed several activities in order to qualify the extractors of Andiroba and Copaiba oils. However, there are no training registrations before 2010 and also in 2011. From 2017, AVIVE entered into a partnership with the Cooperativa de Productos Naturais, where field exit activities became COPRONAT's responsibility. Two methods are used for the extraction and production of the essential oils of andiroba and copaiba: i) traditional method, used by the extractivists of the rural communities; and ii) mechanized method, used by the beneficiation plant of AVIVE, at the headquarters of the municipality of Silves/AM. The commercialization for AVIVE of the essential oils, both of andiroba and copaíba, presented a very profitable average for the extractivists of the rural communities. In the period 2014-2018, sales of copaiba oil resulted in an average profit of 4602.6% and andiroba oil yielded a profit of 1862.9% for extractivists. The training in good management practices for the residents of the São Pedro community and Marupá locality is an excellent opportunity for the improvement in the extraction of the essential oils of andiroba and copaíba. However, even though a traditional procedure was used in the extraction of the products, the commercialization of oils greatly contributed to the family income.