Avaliação da segurança das máquinas e riscos associados ao trabalho de movelarias no município de Itacoatiara – AM

Abstract



Despite the growing demand from the furniture industries in Brazil, the furniture sector is considered one of those that represent the greatest danger and insecurity for its employees, since the activity of this sector is capable of causing serious accidents, in addition to exposing employees to significant amounts of mechanical, ergonomic and chemical hazards. This study aims to analyze the safety and ergonomic conditions of workers when using existing machinery in furniture stores in the city of Itacoatiara-AM. The criterion for choosing the companies studied was based on those that were located within the urban area and those that their owners accepted to participate in the research. Data collection was characterized by a qualitative exploratory and interpretive study through visual and photographic observations in loco, to assess the safety of machines and risks associated with working in furniture factories. Using as a parameter of observation the Regulatory Norms, applied to furniture companies, mainly NR-12, which deals with safety at work in machinery and equipment. The analysis of machines and equipment used in furniture factories in all processes and production sectors was carried out by visual observation, informal questions and photo recordings during the visits. In this analysis, the type of machine, time of use, maintenance, modifications carried out, activity, safety devices, risk category and evaluation of the machines according to NR-12 were considered. The twelve furniture companies analyzed in the municipality of Itacoatiara-AM, fit as micro and small companies, carrying out only secondary splitting in pieces of wood and producing furniture and sawn wood. It was proven that most companies do not provide security for their employees to carry out their activities, since the Regulatory Standards are not applied, there are no Work Safety Programs and there is no concern to eliminate risks in the work environment. Personal Protective Equipment PPE are ignored, both by employees and employers, who do not make their employees obligatory to use the equipment, and often do not provide workers with PPE suitable for furniture making activities. The machinery in these furniture factories is old and outdated, and although there have been no significant changes, the safety devices were not identified in these equipment, perhaps because they are old and do not have the safety devices, or the machines came with the devices and were removed, as they are non-existent. Some companies have small physical spaces, poorly disposed machinery (layout), inadequate lighting, poor ventilation in environments and dirty places, making traffic difficult for workers and contributing to the occurrence of accidents. Despite the high risk rates found in these furniture stores, these are risks that can be minimized or even eliminated with the mandatory use of PPE's, worker training, preparation of protections for the moving parts of machines, emergency stop devices, among other actions for local security.