Análise do perfil químico e determinação do potencial antioxidante dos extratos hidroetanólicos de Maytenus guianensis Klotzsch ex Reissek, obtido no município de Tabatinga-AM

Abstract

The species Maytenus guianensis, popularly known as chichuá, draws attention due to its diverse biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities. Regarding the chemical compounds found in M. guianensis, the literature highlights those belonging to the terpene and flavonoid classes as the most common. Despite its wide use in traditional medicine, M. guianensis is little explored at the phytochemical level in Amazonas, mainly in the Alto Solimões region. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the chemical profile and determine the antioxidant potential of M. guianensis, obtained in the municipality of Tabatinga-AM. Additionally, we sought to characterize at least two chemical compounds present in the hydroethanolic extract with greater antioxidant activity by mass spectrometry. To achieve these objectives, samples of roots, trunk bark, branches and leaves were collected, the species was identified by preparing the exsiccata, and then part of the botanical material underwent the following laboratory procedures: cleaning, drying, fragmentation, extraction with 70% ethanol and filtration. After filtration, the samples were dried, weighed, packaged and sent to Manaus, where the antioxidant activity was determined and mass spectrometry analyses were performed. The yields were obtained in percentages, in which the best result was expressed by the leaf with 21%, followed by the root with 13.6%, bark with 8.5% and branch with 3.2%. The antioxidant activity (AA%) was determined for all samples and the following results were obtained: 96.1% for root, 99.7% for branches, 99.7% for bark and 95.7% for leaf. Through the mass spectrometry technique, and based on the literature, it was possible to characterize seven compounds. Using the negative mode of analysis, in the root extract, Kaempferol-3-O-glactosyl(1-2)rhamnoside, amyrin, taraxerol and a glycosylated flavonol found in the leaf extract were characterized. In the positive mode, the compound Quercetin-3-O-glactosyl(1-2)rhamnoside was characterized in the root extract and in the branch extract, lupeol/friedelin and betulinic acid were found. Finally, the dissemination of this study is extremely relevant, as it will encourage the development of new research with medicinal plants, especially M. guianensis. And this will contribute to the scientific knowledge about medicinal plants of the Alto Solimões Region.