Cultivo e comercialização de hortaliças folhosas em canteiros a céu aberto, no sítio São Joaquim na comunidade de novo oriente em Benjamin Constant-AM

Abstract

Vegetables are herbaceous plants with a short cycle, whose parts edibles are directly used in human nutrition. One of the ways of cultivating leafy vegetables in the Amazon region, is carried out through the Conventional System (open air), through use only labor. The work was carried out at Sitio São Joaquim, in the Community of Novo Oriente in the Municipality of Benjamin Constant. The objective of the research was to understand how the process of growing and selling leafy vegetables in open beds occurs open, describe the cultivation process of leafy vegetables and verify the commercialization of the product from sale in the community, municipal market, free fairs and the municipality of Benjamin Constant, developing the region's agriculture and economy. The methodology used was qualitative. The leafy vegetables studied were: Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Allium fistulosum (chives) and Eryginum foetidum (chicory) in the open. At construction of the structure of the beds, fertilization was carried out using soil from the area of floodplain, as this is a soil rich in nutrients and easy to handle, in addition to manure from hen. In addition, the shells of bean pods (Phaseolus sp.) were placed and also buriti leaves (Mauritia flexuosa) known as dead fertilizer, this contributed greatly to the soil not drying out, as the bean skins and buriti leaves help to maintain the moisture in the soil of the beds and when they decompose they nitrify the soil, which is very important and necessary during the Amazonian summer. Annual production and sales were verified of the three leafy vegetables during 2020, the farmer sold each bunch for R$3.00, totaling an annual profit of R$ 8,982.00 reais. The separate sale yielded R$ 4,047.00 reais totaling a profit of R$ 13,704.00 for 2020. In 2021, the farmer made a profit of R$ 24,176.00 reais, since the sauces were sold at R$ 4.00 reais, becoming more than double compared to 2020, the individual sale generated R$ 8,756.00, totaling profit for 2021 of R$ 32,932.00 reais. In the year 2022, the farmer decided increase the price of vegetable sauce to R$5.00, valuing your work, totaling one value of R$ 59,720.00 for vegetable sauce alone, still profiting from individual sauces achieving a profit of R$ 13,800.0, totaling R$ 73,520.00 for the year 2022. Selling vegetables by bundle yielded greater profit than selling them individually. The production of vegetables from small farmers in Benjamin Constant are free from pesticides, mainly those that use the conventional open-air planting system, which generates a greater appreciation of all production. When regional production is not known, it ends forgotten by public and private bodies, making farmers' work goalless and objectives. Therefore, the cultivation of vegetables on the São Joaquim site has guaranteed the livelihood of the family of the farmer from São Joaquim.