Introdução à geografia física da terra indígena Coatá-Laranjal no município de Borba-Amazonas

Abstract

The Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land is a territory designated for the indigenous peoples of the Mundurukú and Sateré-Mawé ethnicities, residing in the municipality of Borba, Amazonas state. The didactic presentation of the establishment of the Mundurukú and Sateré-Mawé ethnicities in the Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land, along with the physical characteristics of this Amazonian region intended for the occupation of these Brazilian people, lends significance to this work for society. It holds the potential to be useful for the contextualized teaching of geography to elementary students in the Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land, contributing to the development of textbooks and educational materials. The overall objective of this research was to analyze the geographical aspects of the Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land. For this purpose, the conditions of indigenous peoples in the context of 21st-century Brazil were examined, the history of the Mundurukú and Sateré-Mawé ethnicities in the state of Amazonas was investigated, and the physical geography of the state of Amazonas within the spatial scope of the Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land was reviewed. The research was exploratory and descriptive, employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. According to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for the year 2022, the indigenous population in Brazil reached 1,693,535 people, representing 0.83% of the total population. The Mundurukú are traditionally from the eastern Alto Tapajós to the Madeira River. The Sateré-Mawé historically inhabited the vicinity of the main course of the Amazon River, specifically between the Tapajós and Madeira rivers, in the regions of Maués, Andirá, and Tupinambarana. The Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land was officially homologated through the Decree of April 19, 2004. This act recognized and confirmed the administrative demarcation carried out by the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI), establishing the permanent possession of this land for the Mundurukú and Sateré-Mawé indigenous groups. Located in the sedimentary basin of the Amazon, specifically in the portion of the Amazon River valley corresponding to the middle and lower Amazon River, the Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land rests on a foundation composed of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks ranging in age from the Archean to the Proterozoic, known as the Amazon Craton. The sedimentary cover of the basin dates back to the Phanerozoic, and the two shields delimiting the basin play fundamental roles in shaping the Amazonian landscape. The extensive drainage network in the Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land is distributed across 6 sub-basins of the Urariai-Canumã basin, featuring meandering channels and dendritic, trellis, and rectangular patterns. The predominant soil type in the Indigenous Territory (T.I.) is dystrophic yellow latosols with neosols, but gleissols soil type has also been identified in the extreme north of the T.I. Keywords: Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land; Mundurukú and Sateré-Mawé indigenous groups; Geological Aspects; Hydrography; Pedological Aspects.