Mudanças climáticas e compromissos internacionais: uma análise de políticas públicas no Brasil

Abstract

Climate change has progressively occupied a main position in debates about planetary environmental balance, as soon as scientific reports emphasize the associated risks and impacts from global warming. International treaties and conventions on this subject have already been signed and ratified by Brazil. Such instruments, starting with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, tend towards the definition of increasingly ambitious goals and commitments for reduction of atmospheric emissions by the Parties, under the leadership of the industrialized countries, mentioned in Annex I from both the Framework Convention (1992) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997). For the first time, Paris Agreement, which entered into force in 2016, made it mandatory for all parties, including developing countries, to define emission limits, through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). This monography, considering the NDCs deposited by Brazil, aimed to evaluate the adherence of the official results available in atmospheric emissions inventories to the fulfillment of the reduction targets proposed to the United Nations. In the path to achieve this proposal, a structural approach was carried out, contemplating the sectors of energy, agriculture, farming and land use. Additionally, an attempt was made to assess the adequacy of the Brazilian targets to the global ambitions expressed by the Paris Agreement.