O ambiente, a diversidade ictiológica e a pesca em um trecho de rio de água preta na comunidade de Nossa Senhora das Graças do Maranhão, município de Parintins, Estado do Amazonas

Abstract

The study of ichthyofauna in blackwater rivers has technical-scientific relevance due to the lack of research in these regions, mainly in the municipality of Parintins. In this sense, the objective of the work is to describe the environment, ichthyological diversity and artisanal fishing in a stretch of black water river, community of Nossa Senhora das Graças do Maranhão, municipality of Parintins, state of Amazonas. The methodology used to develop the work consists of on-site observations of the environmental aspects of the stretch of the Mamuru River, capturing individuals at collection points close to the community and applying a questionnaire to community members with objective and discursive questions. With the data it was possible to quantify the Shennon-Weaver index, which measures the diversity of regional fish fauna. The community, located at the confluence of the Uaicurapá and Mamuru blackwater rivers, is an important center for the extraction of fishing resources, both for trade and subsistence. Fishing is artisanal, subsistence, multispecific and with the majority of fishermen being men aged between 20 and 60 years old and all with good experience in the activity. The order Characiformes is predominant, a fact that can be seen throughout the region of the Amazon hydrographic basin according to current literature. Fishermen and practitioners of the activity reported the disappearance of some species attributed to overfishing and climate change. The environmental perception and approach to preserving fishing resources are very strong and solid among fishermen, which demonstrates a good place for the development of management projects and the application of public policies aimed at the environment and sustainability. There is still a need to carry out studies on the diversity of species in the Uaicurapá and Mamuru rivers, as well as clarify the relationship between this biodiversity and the environmental and sociocultural aspects of the region. As a general overview, it is clear that anthroposocial activities in the region have an environmental impact, leading to the adaptation of riverside dwellers who derive their income from the rivers.