Prevalência de lesões imunologicamente mediadas da cavidade oral diagnosticadas em um serviço de anatomia patológica de referência

Abstract

Immunologically mediated oral lesions comprise a group of disorders of considerable clinical relevance due to their chronic nature, potential impact on patients' quality of life, and the need for accurate diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these lesions diagnosed at the Oral Pathology and Anatomical Pathology Service of the State University of Amazonas (SEPAT-UEA) between 2012 and 2024, as well as to describe their epidemiological and clinical characteristics. This was an observational, retrospective, and descriptive study based on the analysis of archived histopathological reports. Information regarding diagnosis, sex, age, race/ethnicity, anatomical location, primary lesions, and referring institution was collected. Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel® and statistically analyzed with Jamovi® software, applying absolute and relative frequencies, descriptive measures, and Fisher's Exact Test to evaluate associations between categorical variables. Oral lichen planus was the most frequent diagnosis (33.3%), followed by lichenoid reactions (29.4%), mucous membrane pemphigoid (17.6%), pemphigus vulgaris (15.7%),

and bullous pemphigoid (3.9%). A predominance of female patients (80.4%) and middle- aged and older adults was observed. No statistically significant associations were found

between diagnoses and sex (p=0.738) or race/ethnicity (p=0.299). Regarding anatomical location, statistically significant associations were observed for the gingiva (p<0.001) and lower lip (p=0.040). It was concluded that oral lichen planus and lichenoid reactions were the most frequently diagnosed immunologically mediated lesions during the study period, predominantly affecting female and middle-aged to older patients. Furthermore, anatomical location proved to be relevant for diagnostic assessment, reinforcing the importance of clinicopathological correlation in establishing definitive diagnoses for these disorders.