Análise da gestão dos resíduos sólidos gerados por movelarias no município de Itacoatiara, Amazonas

Abstract

The leavings left by the wood industry are materials that constitute a major threat to the environment once they are discarded incorrectly. The productive chain of “woods-furniture” make a considerable amount of wood waste. In the furniture industry happens many losses during the cut and the finishing which can bring environmental management problems to the industries. The general goal of this study was annalise the management of solid waste produced by the furniture stores San Tiago and Santo André, at Itacoatiara-AM. The gathering of datas happened between June and October 2018. It was made a systematic observation of the transformation process of the raw material at the furniture stores. It was also made interviews, with a semi structured questionnaire support, with the director and employees of the furniture. In both furniture stores, the solid waste powder/shavings were collected every friday for four weeks. After collected, the leavings were put in fiber bags with capacity of 50 kilos and weighed with a Pocket dynamometer, with maximum capacity of 50 kilos. The solid residues were classified according to the following technical and legal provisions: Brazilian Norm of Reference 10.004 and National Solid Waste Policy (Law 12.305/2010). They were classified in: i) residues class I, dangerous; ii) residues class II A and B, not dangerous. The materials categorization was made considering the geographic location where they were made and where were discharged. At Santo Andre furniture store, the powder/shaving production is of 218 kilos by month and the woods shaving production is around 296,5 kilos. It is estimated that in one year, the powder/shaving production will approach 2600 kilos, meanwhile the woods shaving production will approach 3500 kilos every year. At San Tiago furniture store, in one month, the powder/shaving production was of 206,8 kilos and the woods shavings production was of 277,5 kilos. During one year, it is thought to be produced 2400 kilos of powder/shaving and 3300 kilos of woods shaving. From the reading of the packaging labels of the residues class I - dangerous - it was found out the residues chemical composition, which was categorized in: a) flammable and b) toxic. The most commonly found solid waste not woody were varnish, contact glue, white glue, sealant and solvent. The geographic origin of the wood used at the furniture stores was classified as local and regional; however, the inputs that cause the solid waste have a national origin. It was understood that the solid waste management is not according to the National Solid Waste Policy, once two furniture stores do not discriminate the origin of the residues - class I (dangerous) and class II (not dangerous). Both classes are not separated and not even conditioned correctly. The solid waste management at the furniture stores is very precarious. The destination of the residues is still a problem to the enviroment and the society. It was noticed that these furniture stores do not follow what is recommended by the Law 12.305/2010 and by the National Solid Waste Policy. Only one furniture store produces small wood objects reusing what was left by the transformation process of the wood, which contributes to the reducing of the residues, besides improving the income of the company, resignifying the solid residues.