Os direitos da natureza a partir do novo constitucionalismo latino-americano: esgotamento sanitário e proteção dos igarapés de Manaus como direito que transcende a dimensão humana

Abstract

The work examines environmental degradation and the challenges of basic sanitation in the Amazon, with emphasis on the impacts of disordered urbanisation in Manaus and the pollution of the igarapés. The lack of sanitation infrastructure is identified as one of the main factors that jeopardise watercourses, aggravating environmental, social and urban problems. The study aims to assess how the legal recognition of nature as a subject of rights can contribute to environmental preservation and the promotion of ecological justice. The research uses a qualitative and interdisciplinary methodology, based on documentary analysis, bibliographical and jurisprudential review, considering legal frameworks and international experiences. The results show that the ecocentric perspective of the new Latin American constitutionalism, especially the examples of Ecuador and Bolivia, offers valuable input for the formulation of innovative public policies in Brazil. The study shows that including nature as a subject of rights in the Brazilian legal system is a viable strategy for mitigating the environmental crisis in Manaus, promoting a balance between sustainable development and ecosystem conservation. It concludes that legal recognition of nature is essential to establishing public policies that integrate ecological, social and economic aspects, offering a more holistic approach to managing natural resources and improving conditions.