DISSERTAÇÃO - PPGDA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Ambiental
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://ri.uea.edu.br/handle/riuea/2277
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Aldeias - municípios indígenas: repensando o federalismo brasileiro e o constitucionalismo latino-americano(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-01-24) Nogueira, Caroline Barbosa Contente; Jacinto, Andrea Borghi Moreira; Dantas, Fernando Antônio de Carvalho; Jacinto, Andrea Borghi Moreira; Pozzetti, Valmir César; Almeida, Alfredo Wagner Berno deEste trabajo visa reflexionar sobre la problemática de las “Ciudades Indígenas”, osando utilizar a denominación “Aldeas-Municipios Indígenas”, para, desde el diálogo que pasa entre las ciencias sociales y jurídicas, buscando comprender los conceptos en ellas inherentes, objetivando un estudio basado en problemas sociales que se observan en comunidades indígenas de alta concentración poblacional, caracterizándola, desde el punto de vista empírico, como “ciudades”. El origen de esta investigación remete a las discusiones con respeto al autogobierno indígena y de cómo el Estado Brasileño podrá reconocer a los modos de gestión tradicionales delante su organización federativa. El punto de partida son los artículos 231 y 232 de la Constitución Brasileña de 1988, que reconoce organización social, costumbres, lenguas, creencias, tradiciones y derechos originarios a las tierras tradicionalmente ocupadas por los pueblos indígenas. Desde esta perspectiva se hará la correlación de estos derechos a la cuestión estudiada, destacando los desafíos encontrados en el problema de la autonomía política, especialmente cuanto al artículo 1º de la Constitución de 1988, que trae la clausula pétrea del Pacto Federativo, impidiendo formalmente la modificación de la configuración política actual, y cuestiones que involucran a la soberanía nacional. Una de las fuentes tomadas como fundamento de esta investigación es el estudio comparado entre las normas constitucionales brasileñas y países latinoamericanos que admiten autonomías indígenas, así como el Constitucionalismo Latino-americano, con la intención de observar las propuestas para el reconocimiento de las autonomías territoriales indígenas en la organización política de estos países. Palabras-clave: Municipios Indígenas; ciudades indígenas; autonomía territorial; constitucionalismo latino-americano; Estado Plurinacional.Item As quebradeiras de coco babaçu e o mercado: Dilema entre proteção do conhecimento tradicional e a sujeição jurídica(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-12-20) Maciel, Luciano Moura; Shiraishi Neto, Joaquim; Jacinto, Andrea Borghi MoreiraThis research aims to understand the social and legal relationship between the babassu coconut breakers and the company Natura Innovations Ltda under the contract for benefit sharing for access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. Specifically the paper studies the relationship of the traditional community, Center Coroatá with the market, from the extraction of babassu coconut and household economy, based on field research in four (04) municipalities of the State of Maranhão, namely: São Luís, Esperantinópolis, Pedreiras and Lago do Junco. To understand the legal relationship between the parties the research seeks to show the real differences between the subjects involved and uncover the often hidden meaning of legal categories fundamental to the reproduction of civil law, as the subjects rights and contracts, which assumes a formal equality between the parties in such way that all as a subject of rights can contract obligations through of individual and private relations aimed at the movement of goods. Thus, the traditional knowledge of peoples and traditional communities has become the object of contract, making possible for cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries to appropriate it as a private good, or a commodity. The research with reference to the contract for benefit sharing analyzes the possible consequences of this process for social groups recognized by the Constitution of 1988 as subjects with ethnic and collective identities carrying different ways of doing, creating and living collective and their different ways of doing, create and live. Keywords: Babassu coconut breakers, Market, Subject of law, contract, legal recognition, peoples and traditional communities, traditional knowledge.Item Casa de discussão: uma análise da produção da norma a partir do campo do conselho de gestão do patrimônio genético(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-09-27) Pinto, Mônica da Costa; Jacinto, Andrea Borghi Moreira; Shiraishi Neto, Joaquim; Jacinto, Andrea Borghi Moreira; Silva, Solange Teles da; Premebida, AdrianoThe present work intends to analyse the construction process of the norm in the field of access to genetic assets and the associated traditional knowledge, considering the legal acts inside CGEN – Genetic Assets Management Council – and their relationship with biotechnology science and traditional lore. The presented data was gathered through documental research, where meeting records and norms produced by CGEN and its Thematic Chambers, since the Council‘s creation until the year 2011, where examined. The access and benefit sharing started to be legaly adressed in an international scope at the Convention on Biological Diversity – CDB and, in Brazil, through the Provisional Measure MP 2.186-16/2001. These norms have emerged as concourse spaces for juridic, scientific, biotechnological and traditional knowledge discourses. In the biotechnology field it is treated according to Bourdieu (2010), whereas the traditional knowledge is considered inseparable from the lives of the communities who hold it (ALMEIDA, 2008). The norm, in this context, is presented as a discourse, according to Foucault (2011) and Miaille (2005), and as a conservative force for social inequalities (WOLKMER, 2003). The presented data suggest the reproduction of the general tendency inside CGEN to produce the norm as a discourse, pointing to a likely predominance of discourses related to biotechnology in detriment of those related to the defence of the interests of those detaining the traditional knowledge. Key-words: CDB, Genetic assets and associated traditional knowledge. CGEN. Norm. Discourse.Item Direitos indígenas entre fronteiras: cidadania, presença e mobilidade ticunas na tríplice fronteira do Brasil, Colômbia e Peru(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2013-01-20) Medeiros, Augusto Karol Marinho; Jacinto, Andréa Borghi Moreira; Jacinto, Andrea Borghi Moreira; Poazzetti, Valmir CésarThis thesis aims to analyze the problems of mobility Ticunas Indians in the triple border of Brazil, Colombia and Peru, which follows cultural issues and social rights guaranteed in different form, in the legal system of the countries they inhabit. To better understand this problem be related to the Ticunas right to live in their territories according to their lifestyles, and social question put to state law - not only in Brazil, but also Colombian and Peruvian - mobility and traffic across borders, intensified contemporaneously on the Brazilian side, according to the benefits and social services offered by the Brazilian State, and not in the same way by neighboring states. The Brazilian State in this region is then watching a great demand on these benefits by Ticunas, including coming across the border to apply for social rights guaranteed only to Indian citizens. We will discuss the consolidation of national borders and therefore the process of nationalization that affected the way of life and territorial dynamics of indigenous border. We will do a comparative study on the Constitution of Brazil, Colombia and Peru in relation to indigenous rights offered by the social policies of nation states. Finally evidenciaremos posture of the Brazilian state before the increased demand for social services demanded by foreign Ticunas and appropriate action to address the problem as cooperation agreements between the countries located in the upper Amazon. Keywords: Ticunas. Mobility. Indigenous law. National borders.Item Esgoto sanitário e ISSQN: tributação para a sustentabilidade ambiental(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-09-27) Torres, Leonardo Araújo; Pozzetti, Valmir César; Pozzetti, Valmir César; Fraxe, Jaiza Maria Pinto; Mota, Maria Nazareth da Penha VasquesWith the industrialization process and the constant use of energy to meet the needs of quantitative growth, humans began to produce indiscriminately, without worrying about the reflection of the externalities generated and posted in nature and hence social life of the people, bringing drastic consequences to the habitat of the planet. These consequences were perceived by the scientific community that came to warn the leaders of states on the need to take steps to reverse the process of environmental destruction. In this sense, several actions have been proposed to give a new direction to the development, in the sense that the planet could grow with quality and preserve the environment for future generations, pursuant to art. 225 of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988. Three landmark UN Conferences, Stockholm (1972), ECO/92 (1992), and RIO +20 (2012), outlined goals and principles, as well as draw attention to the global environment. Since then, Brazil has been committed internationally to promote environmental actions preservationists, searching through various actions, reducing the emission of polluting components and destructive of nature and, among the actions taken, is using the indirect taxation to stimulate advocates and discourage destructive nature that use natural resources indiscriminately, generating negative externalities. In this respect, the Constitution of 1988, brings important rules, both environmental nature as tax, allowing us to combine the two materials, making taxation lends itself to environmental sustainability. The definition of tax established in art. 3 of CTN, does not allow the tax revenue is tied to a particular expense, however the use of indirect taxation allows the use taxes to protect the environment. Municipalities are closer to the population, facing its problems, including environmental ones, are forced to implement public policies for environmental protection. Among the kinds of taxes that the municipality may charge the particular is the Tax Services of any kind. Our analysis will be limited to this tribute, as a mechanism for environmental preservation, inducing the collection and treatment of waste from sewage, in municipalities where there is no collection network and treatment, since the municipality may establish different rules, through tax incentives, for example, through exemption, inducing firms to clean pit-treat the waste collected in the service of this nature. Thus, it establishes a financial incentive for people who are willing to protect and reduce the emission of harmful waste to the environment and discourage citizen who insists on not supporting the preservation and reduction of organisms harmful to health and the environment. It follows, then, that taxation is an inducing factor for environmental sustainability and the establishment of an ecological tax under Brazilian municipality is 9 urgent and necessary to stimulate actions regarding the collection and treatment of sewage, as well as reuse their waste. Key-Word: Principles of Environmental Law. ISSQN. Taxation inducing.Item Princípio da prevenção e o meio ambiente do trabalho dos portuários de Manaus(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2019-08-29) Costa, Rodrigo Machado Cabral Da; Melo, Sandro Nahmias; Melo, Sandro Nahmias; Braga, Mauro Augusto Ponce de Leão; Gomes, Sebastião MarceliceThis paper aims to address the issues concerning the prevention of labor environmental risks to which dockworkers of Manaus are exposed. It is necessary to establish a conceptualization aspect of working environment, applying the principles of environmental law and the rules of hygiene, health and safety protection of the human being in the workplace. Based on deductive research, this work of the domestic and international analysis on the working environment, environmental doctrine and labor environment, the structural principles of environmental law, the concept and characteristics of the working environment, to achieve aspects the theoretical and practical applicability of prevention in the working environment, as well as the jurisprudence examination of the Brazilian Courts and specific study on the Public Port of Manaus. The conclusion, made the above-mentioned analysis, is that the prevention principle is little adopted by the organs of supervision and compliance with environmental and labor standards as well as by port operators, which allow and impose an employment practice which means it has extremely hostile, with exposure of port workers, regardless of the legal relationship to which they are subjected to harmful agents to your health. The incisive performance of public and private agencies through legal and administrative instruments made available by the Brazilian legal order must be a constant in the environment of manauaras ports, whose rates of accidents, diseases or risk exposures reach alarming numbers. Thus, it is to recognize the need for specific protection to protect the work environment of the dockworkers of Manaus city, with the effective application of the principle of prevention, so that to preserve the life and health of these workers.Item Recursos hídricos transfronteiriços da bacia amazônica: estudo de caso sobre a atual gestão hídrica do Rio Amazonas na tríplice fronteira constituída pelas cidades-gêmeas de Tabatinga/BR e Letícia/CO e a Ilha de Santa Rosa/PE(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2016-06-15) Nascimento, Leonardo Leite; Silva Filho, Erivaldo Cavalcanti e; Silva Filho, Erivaldo Cavalcanti e; Melo, Sandro Nahmias; Dias, Mônica Nazaré PicançoThe use and conservation of transboundary water resources and border of the Amazon Basin requires the effective cooperation of all the countries that share this natural resource, in this case fresh water, essential to the life of their populations. Therefore, the signatory countries of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (TCA) and today members of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (OTCA), where Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and Guyana, shall endeavor to implement an integrated and sustainable management of shared international rivers, with effective adoption of bilateral and multilateral public policies in order to ensure the availability of fresh water for present and future generations. This work aims to examine the legal aspect in the light of the TCA and the rules of International Law, the current cross-border water management in the Amazon Basin, and the possibility and feasibility of implementing a joint management between the riparian countries. For their achievement we conducted a case study on the current water management of the world's largest river, the Amazon River, specifically its tributaries, rivers Marañón and Solimões in the triple border of Brazil, Peru and Colombia, on the stretch passing through twin cities Tabatinga/BR and Leticia/CO and the Santa Rosa Island/PE. The results show that, to obtain advances in the management of transboundary water resources, many steps should be met, starting with the understanding of the hydrological behavior of the Amazon River and the different social, political and economic conditions of each country involved. Thus, it must highlight the importance of institutional strengthening of OTCA and the necessary implementation of a transboundary basin committee for the tri-border countries, aiming to carry out the process of management and implementation of a local and regional water policy.Item Tutelas jurisdicionais de urgência em reação ao dano ambiental no novo código de processo civil(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2016-08-02) Barbosa Junior, Vitor Berenguer; Badr, Eid; Badr, Eid; Melo, Sandro Nahmias; Gomes, Sebastião MarceliceThe life in society, in order to be harmonic and peaceful, needs clear, precise and accessible rules, and that materializes trough the law. The jus positum projects itself to not only establish parameters to the individuals living in the same space, but also align their relations with the environment. The relations transcend the merely human range to reach the environmental range. Nevertheless, the existence of rules don’t assure the effectiveness tutelage of those rights, there are needs of useful tools that ensures the effectiveness of those constituted norms, therefore, the procedural law acquire a prominent role of a legitimate instrument that ensures the tutelage of the violated or threatened right throughout him. Concerning the environmental law, that subject gets even more complex configuration, because, beyond the necessity of that instrument to ensure the jurisdictional tutelage, and that is the due process of law, there is a need of celerity end effectiveness over the process, itself. In this current year occurred that the New Civil Procedural Code had invigorated, crafted with the purpose to ensure better cohesive text e closer proximity with the norms and constitutional principles, such an instrument has in its core the urgency tutelage, and that, in our vision, is the main disposed procedural instrument regarding the environmental protection.Item Extrafiscalidade do IPVA como instrumento de proteção ambiental(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-09-27) Souza, Priscila Silva de; Pozzetti, Valmir César; Pozzetti, Valmir César; Fraxe, Jaiza Maria Pinto; Badr, EidIn recent years has increased markedly the number of vehicles circulating on the streets of cities across the country. These vehicles are responsible for emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, what contributes to the increased pollution of the environment, which will affect long-term life of the community. Within this context, public health is threatened, since the pollution produced by discharges of cars brings respiratory diseases and destroys the ozone layer, causing prejudice also to the environment. The actions carried out by civil organizations in the fight against environmental pollution, cannot achieve together citizens the same results, if practiced by public authorities, by the limitation of its structure and scope. Thus, the figure of the State as promoter of environmental preservation in the use of his attributions, can avail themselves of the extrafiscalidade tribute to curb harmful conduct, committed by individuals. Thus, the tax levy on pre-existing legal solidarity becomes an important instrument to induce taxpayers to pay less tax, provided that they use for this, viable technologies to environmental health, reducing the emissions of pollutants from motor vehicles. In this sense, the Brazilian Government has sought to develop various programs, as it has already done so with the Proálcool, bio-fuel from sugar cane, with little environmental impact. To stimulate the purchase of vehicles moved to a bi-fuel, the State reduced the IPI tax rates at the time of purchase, making them more accessible to the consumer and thus reduced the emission of polluting agents. So, encourage the use of fuel with appropriate policies of low taxation should be the goal of the Brazilian Government, since it is the State's role to preserve the environment, together with the community, in accordance with art. 225 of CF/88. Soon, the system of taxation is no longer simply a mechanism for collection of financial resources to become an instrument of State action in the social field, enabling the legislator to discourage behaviors that may bring damage to society and the environment, and stimulate appropriate behaviors, bringing the citizen who fulfills its social role. Besides alcohol, science has discovered new clean sources of fuel, such as natural gas, electric power, hydrogen, among others, with reduced environmental impact. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the State can, by making use of extrafiscalidade of tribute, promote the use of clean fuel sources by consumers/contributors through the gradation of aliquots of Property taxes for the less polluting modes; and yet, to the establishment of a differentiated policy for used vehicles, since these, notably, emit more toxic components in the atmosphere, due to its wear, always seeking the benefit of the collectivity.Item Uma análise acerca das modificações e acréscimos trazidos pelo novo código de processo civil de 2015 nas ferramentas processuais de efetivação da tutela socioambiental e possíveis consequências(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2016-08-12) Corso Neto, Thirso Del; Braga, Mauro Augusto Ponce de Leão; Braga, Mauro Augusto Ponce de Leão; Lazzari, Márcia Cristina; Ramos Filho, Carlos Alberto de MoraesEl concepto de los derechos trans llegó a ser fuertemente desarrollado en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y desembarque en Brasil en 1977 para observar las necesidades de adaptación y desarrollo de herramientas procesales para la protección de los derechos transindividuales. Dentro de este contexto y de forma paralela en el tiempo, la ley crea un concepto genuinamente brasileña. La legislación ambiental sea de amplio alcance, que abarca nuevos derechos de todas las especies es transindividuality, necesita de mayor análisis y discusión de los efectos y la eficacia de modo que pueda ofrecer a través de las herramientas pertinentes de la aplicación de la protección deseada. A través del estudio de estas ramas del derecho pueden elevar y analizar diversas peculiaridades de la forma de ejecución de las tutelas de socioambientalismo protección. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal proporcionar un análisis de los cambios y las bazas por el nuevo Código de Procedimiento Civil en la eficacia de la protección del medio ambiente y cuáles son las posibles consecuencias que estos cambios traerán. El estudio se desarrolla a través de la confluencia de la legislación ambiental con la instrumentalidad de la ley procesal civil colectiva, precisamente los procedimientos de la etapa de ejecución o civil. Secuencialmente se sistematizará los principios y leyes aplicables a microsistema procedimiento colectiva respecto a la efectividad de la tutela del medio ambiente. Al final, buscamos entender y demostrar cómo el nuevo Código de Procedimiento Civil influye en el microsistema de procedimiento colectiva y cuáles son las consecuencias de esta influencia en la eficacia de la protección del medio ambiente a través del proceso judicial. Para lograr estos objetivos, se utilizó el método lógico-deductivo, a través del análisis de la legislación específica.