DISSERTAÇÃO - PPGDA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Ambiental

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://ri.uea.edu.br/handle/riuea/2277

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Resultados da Pesquisa

Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 27

Soluções tributárias para falhas de mercado no uso de sacolas plásticas descartáveis
(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2024-04-23) Hübner, Ricardo; Rocha, Paulo Victor Vieira da; Araújo, Gláucia Maria de Ribeiro; Branco, Carolina Nobre Castello
This study aims to provide a legal analysis of the use of tax rules to correct market failures related to the use of disposable plastic bags. Thus, the objective was to answer the question: is taxation a mechanism capable of mitigating market failures due to physical origin, externalities and collective goods to discourage the use of single-use plastic bags and charge the social cost against the polluter? If so, what tax rules can be used? In the first chapter, will be analyzed the debate between Pigou and Coase on externalities and the concept of market failures. Also, will be identified those market failures that directly impact public policies to discourage the use of single-use plastic bags. In addition, some difficulties inherent to tax solutions will be presented and will be used the proportionality control to compare tax, restrictive and prohibitive policies. After that, will be analyzed the need of track the impact of extrafiscal rules, through clear rules for evaluating regulatory impact. In the second chapter, will be demonstrated the conceptual differences between environmental taxes (green taxes) and environmentally-oriented taxes. Afterward, the study will focus on environmentallyoriented taxes. In the third chapter, will be analyzed the tax solutions for market failures in the use of single-use plastic bags, such as: granting incentives for investment, tax creation, increase and reduction of taxes. The research results indicated that green taxes and environmentally-oriented taxes are valid solutions to reduce market failures related to the use of single-use plastic bags.
As quebradeiras de coco babaçu e o mercado: Dilema entre proteção do conhecimento tradicional e a sujeição jurídica
(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-12-20) Maciel, Luciano Moura; Shiraishi Neto, Joaquim; Jacinto, Andrea Borghi Moreira
This research aims to understand the social and legal relationship between the babassu coconut breakers and the company Natura Innovations Ltda under the contract for benefit sharing for access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. Specifically the paper studies the relationship of the traditional community, Center Coroatá with the market, from the extraction of babassu coconut and household economy, based on field research in four (04) municipalities of the State of Maranhão, namely: São Luís, Esperantinópolis, Pedreiras and Lago do Junco. To understand the legal relationship between the parties the research seeks to show the real differences between the subjects involved and uncover the often hidden meaning of legal categories fundamental to the reproduction of civil law, as the subjects rights and contracts, which assumes a formal equality between the parties in such way that all as a subject of rights can contract obligations through of individual and private relations aimed at the movement of goods. Thus, the traditional knowledge of peoples and traditional communities has become the object of contract, making possible for cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries to appropriate it as a private good, or a commodity. The research with reference to the contract for benefit sharing analyzes the possible consequences of this process for social groups recognized by the Constitution of 1988 as subjects with ethnic and collective identities carrying different ways of doing, creating and living collective and their different ways of doing, create and live. Keywords: Babassu coconut breakers, Market, Subject of law, contract, legal recognition, peoples and traditional communities, traditional knowledge.
Esgoto sanitário e ISSQN: tributação para a sustentabilidade ambiental
(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-09-27) Torres, Leonardo Araújo; Pozzetti, Valmir César; Pozzetti, Valmir César; Fraxe, Jaiza Maria Pinto; Mota, Maria Nazareth da Penha Vasques
With the industrialization process and the constant use of energy to meet the needs of quantitative growth, humans began to produce indiscriminately, without worrying about the reflection of the externalities generated and posted in nature and hence social life of the people, bringing drastic consequences to the habitat of the planet. These consequences were perceived by the scientific community that came to warn the leaders of states on the need to take steps to reverse the process of environmental destruction. In this sense, several actions have been proposed to give a new direction to the development, in the sense that the planet could grow with quality and preserve the environment for future generations, pursuant to art. 225 of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988. Three landmark UN Conferences, Stockholm (1972), ECO/92 (1992), and RIO +20 (2012), outlined goals and principles, as well as draw attention to the global environment. Since then, Brazil has been committed internationally to promote environmental actions preservationists, searching through various actions, reducing the emission of polluting components and destructive of nature and, among the actions taken, is using the indirect taxation to stimulate advocates and discourage destructive nature that use natural resources indiscriminately, generating negative externalities. In this respect, the Constitution of 1988, brings important rules, both environmental nature as tax, allowing us to combine the two materials, making taxation lends itself to environmental sustainability. The definition of tax established in art. 3 of CTN, does not allow the tax revenue is tied to a particular expense, however the use of indirect taxation allows the use taxes to protect the environment. Municipalities are closer to the population, facing its problems, including environmental ones, are forced to implement public policies for environmental protection. Among the kinds of taxes that the municipality may charge the particular is the Tax Services of any kind. Our analysis will be limited to this tribute, as a mechanism for environmental preservation, inducing the collection and treatment of waste from sewage, in municipalities where there is no collection network and treatment, since the municipality may establish different rules, through tax incentives, for example, through exemption, inducing firms to clean pit-treat the waste collected in the service of this nature. Thus, it establishes a financial incentive for people who are willing to protect and reduce the emission of harmful waste to the environment and discourage citizen who insists on not supporting the preservation and reduction of organisms harmful to health and the environment. It follows, then, that taxation is an inducing factor for environmental sustainability and the establishment of an ecological tax under Brazilian municipality is 9 urgent and necessary to stimulate actions regarding the collection and treatment of sewage, as well as reuse their waste. Key-Word: Principles of Environmental Law. ISSQN. Taxation inducing.
Tutelas jurisdicionais de urgência em reação ao dano ambiental no novo código de processo civil
(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2016-08-02) Barbosa Junior, Vitor Berenguer; Badr, Eid; Badr, Eid; Melo, Sandro Nahmias; Gomes, Sebastião Marcelice
The life in society, in order to be harmonic and peaceful, needs clear, precise and accessible rules, and that materializes trough the law. The jus positum projects itself to not only establish parameters to the individuals living in the same space, but also align their relations with the environment. The relations transcend the merely human range to reach the environmental range. Nevertheless, the existence of rules don’t assure the effectiveness tutelage of those rights, there are needs of useful tools that ensures the effectiveness of those constituted norms, therefore, the procedural law acquire a prominent role of a legitimate instrument that ensures the tutelage of the violated or threatened right throughout him. Concerning the environmental law, that subject gets even more complex configuration, because, beyond the necessity of that instrument to ensure the jurisdictional tutelage, and that is the due process of law, there is a need of celerity end effectiveness over the process, itself. In this current year occurred that the New Civil Procedural Code had invigorated, crafted with the purpose to ensure better cohesive text e closer proximity with the norms and constitutional principles, such an instrument has in its core the urgency tutelage, and that, in our vision, is the main disposed procedural instrument regarding the environmental protection.
Extrafiscalidade do IPVA como instrumento de proteção ambiental
(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-09-27) Souza, Priscila Silva de; Pozzetti, Valmir César; Pozzetti, Valmir César; Fraxe, Jaiza Maria Pinto; Badr, Eid
In recent years has increased markedly the number of vehicles circulating on the streets of cities across the country. These vehicles are responsible for emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, what contributes to the increased pollution of the environment, which will affect long-term life of the community. Within this context, public health is threatened, since the pollution produced by discharges of cars brings respiratory diseases and destroys the ozone layer, causing prejudice also to the environment. The actions carried out by civil organizations in the fight against environmental pollution, cannot achieve together citizens the same results, if practiced by public authorities, by the limitation of its structure and scope. Thus, the figure of the State as promoter of environmental preservation in the use of his attributions, can avail themselves of the extrafiscalidade tribute to curb harmful conduct, committed by individuals. Thus, the tax levy on pre-existing legal solidarity becomes an important instrument to induce taxpayers to pay less tax, provided that they use for this, viable technologies to environmental health, reducing the emissions of pollutants from motor vehicles. In this sense, the Brazilian Government has sought to develop various programs, as it has already done so with the Proálcool, bio-fuel from sugar cane, with little environmental impact. To stimulate the purchase of vehicles moved to a bi-fuel, the State reduced the IPI tax rates at the time of purchase, making them more accessible to the consumer and thus reduced the emission of polluting agents. So, encourage the use of fuel with appropriate policies of low taxation should be the goal of the Brazilian Government, since it is the State's role to preserve the environment, together with the community, in accordance with art. 225 of CF/88. Soon, the system of taxation is no longer simply a mechanism for collection of financial resources to become an instrument of State action in the social field, enabling the legislator to discourage behaviors that may bring damage to society and the environment, and stimulate appropriate behaviors, bringing the citizen who fulfills its social role. Besides alcohol, science has discovered new clean sources of fuel, such as natural gas, electric power, hydrogen, among others, with reduced environmental impact. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the State can, by making use of extrafiscalidade of tribute, promote the use of clean fuel sources by consumers/contributors through the gradation of aliquots of Property taxes for the less polluting modes; and yet, to the establishment of a differentiated policy for used vehicles, since these, notably, emit more toxic components in the atmosphere, due to its wear, always seeking the benefit of the collectivity.
O IPTU e a tributação indutora como instrumento para o desenvolvimento sustentável
(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2011-03-26) Faria, Ana Luisa Sousa; Silveira, Edson Damas da; Silveira, Edson Damas da; Barbosa, Walmir de Albuquerque; Cavalcanti, Erivaldo
Preserving and protecting the environment is the responsibility of the State, it being understood Federal, State, Federal District and municipalities (Constitution, Article 23., VI and VII). It is therefore common competence of federal guardianship and ensure environmental preservation, to be held in conjunction with the community (CF, art. 225). Faced with the obligation imposed by the Constitution, the State needs to use the means offered by the legal system to play the role of mentor to an environmental policy that ensures protection of the environment. It is in this light that the tax law becomes an instrument of environmental protection, as well as revenue collection of the character, function inherent to adduce resources to the public coffers, extrafiscal offers the function to induce or encourage conduct environmentally sound. The tribute comes, then, to encourage economic agents to environmentally friendly choices and discourage harmful practices. It is a policy of encouraging the preservation founded in economic stimulus. By understanding this, the tax can also assist in regional development and implementation of public policies. Given the importance of the topic, a survey was conducted explanatory qualitative approach, with a design focused on literature, whose purpose is to understand how the tax law, tax law through the inductor, especially property taxes, can be an instrument of protection and development of the artificial environment so that it will reach the level of sustainability.
Política pública de uso e ocupação do solo da margem direita do Rio Negro, princípio da precaução e sustentabilidade sociambiental: uma articulação possÍvel?
(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-06-27) Nogueira, Marcondes Gil; Fonseca, Ozório José Menezes da; Fonseca, Ozório José Menezes da; Silveira, Edson Damas da; Silva Filho, Erivaldo Cavalcanti e
Discusses a research process that aims to analyze the public policy of use and occupation of the right bank of the Rio Negro from the principle of precaution and the social and environmental sustainability. The specific objectives are: to characterize the socio-economic, cultural and geopolitical organization of the municipality of Iranduba, emphasizing the key social and environmental problems exist, identify the general guidelines contained in the plan of action for use and occupation of the right bank of the Rio Negro, focusing expected results for the Iranduba Map and the expected results in terms of use and occupation of the right bank of the Rio Negro to confront them with the precautionary principle and the determinations of social and environmental sustainability of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Through a comparative study will be discussed in the following categories: Social organization of use of spaces in the cities of the Amazon, Environmental planning of regional development, environmental law and social and environmental sustainability. The research process consisted of four procedural moments (different, complementary, interdependent): bibliographic, documentary surveys, organizing and analyzing data and preparing the dissertation which was composed of three chapters. The first, characterized the problem space: the city of Iranduba, the second presents the Plan Occupation of the Right Bank of the Rio Negro. The third deals with the Brazilian Environmental Law and Sustainability.
Greve ambiental individual
(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2011-12-05) Cavalcante Filho, Raimundo Paulino; Barbosa, Walmir de Albuquerque; Barbosa, Walmir de Albuquerque; Silveira, Edson Damas da; Mesquita, Eduardo Melo de
La influencia del trabajo sobre la calidad del trabajador de la vida ha sido un tema ampliamente discutido en la línea de tiempo. Sin embargo, sólo la revolución industrial con la salud, la higiene y la seguridad tienen que ser ponderados en la medida en que el crecimiento económico, la innovación tecnológica y el avance científico, aparte del desarrollo de la industria, planteó la degradación de la causa prácticas del capitalismo salvaje, especialmente la producción a gran escala, sin preocuparse por la calidad de vida. Añadir a la incertidumbre declarada de desempleo, empleo precario, la subcontratación, ilegales, lo que debilita el movimiento sindical, los salarios bajos y los riesgos ambientales, las causas de los accidentes laborales y enfermedades profesionales, lo trató, impulsado por virtud de un vacío legislativo. La investigación representa una contribución importante cuestión de principio, ya que constituye un ambiente de trabajo sano de un derecho fundamental, ya que su contenido vinculadas al derecho a la vida. Por lo tanto, como un derecho fundamental debe ser garantizada por eficaces instrumentos jurídicos, constitucionalmente previstos, como la huelga de cada uno de carácter instrumental del medio ambiente. Concibe el derecho de huelga como cualquier acto individual del medio ambiente de la resistencia de los trabajadores, con el fin de autotutela frente a riesgo grave e inminente para la salud en un sector, actividad o tarea, para evitar la injusticia a los trabajadores legítimos. Con el fin de analizar el rendimiento general del trabajador como un ejercicio de seguros de vida, se procedió a un análisis doctrinal y jurisprudencial de manera prominente en la Ley Orgánica del Trabajo y Derecho Ambiental, así como exploratorio, descriptivo y explicativo. Desde esta perspectiva se discute la relación entre el derecho ambiental interdisciplinaria y Derecho Laboral con el fin de tener en cuenta que el área del derecho que es vinculante para el medio ambiente de trabajo. Se concibe, por otra parte, un argumento antropocéntrico de la Ley del Medio Ambiente del Trabajo a la luz del derecho constitucional, como el destinatario final de la Ley del Medio Ambiente es la persona humana, a pesar de que la tutela comprende cualquier forma de vida. La huelga de negociación individuales del medio ambiente, con énfasis en la inversión de la carga de la prueba, a la que Comina impone la marca de ser la causa de la labor ambiental para certificar que lo causó o no que no es potencialmente dañino para la vida laboral, no sólo existe en ejercicio del derecho de huelga, el medio ambiente colectivo, que parece prescindible para el cumplimiento de los requisitos formales enumerados en la Ley 7.783/89. Este trabajo presenta el entendimiento de que la obra que trabaja solo deben ser protegidos mediante la inclusión de la disposición adicional de la seguridad en el trabajo y por lo tanto la garantía de la libertad de decisión. Palabras clave: Medio ambiente de la obra. Huelga ambientales individuales. Riesgos.
O princípio do protetor-recebedor na proteção de águas e florestas: uma discussão em torno dos sistemas de pagamento por serviços ambientais
(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-01-10) Mamed, Danielle de Ouro; Silva, Solange Teles da; Silva, Solange Teles da; Pozzetti, Valmir César; Machado, José Alberto da Costa
El presente trabajo busca analizar a la construcción y consolidación del principio “el que protege, recibe” en el ordenamiento jurídico brasileño desde una perspectiva de los actores sociales que contribuyen para la manutención de las condiciones necesarias al regular ciclo de los ecosistemas. Las políticas de Pago de Servicios Ambientales (PSA) están basadas en el principio del “el que protege, recibe”, bajo el marco de la economía ambiental y en la búsqueda por la efectividad del desarrollo sostenible. Sin embargo, las políticas que involucran tales instrumentos generan polémicas en lo que se refiere a la compatibilidad con la diversidad social existente en el país, además de una serie de otros cuestionamientos con respecto a su viabilidad y efectos sociales. Analizar el nivel de discusión teórica sobre el tema y los reflejos de estas políticas en el ámbito del Derecho y en la efectividad de la políticas públicas basadas en el principio, es cuestión urgente, toda vez que el enfrentamiento entre los valores de preservación ambiental y la lógica del desarrollo lleva a la reflexión sobre cual es el ideal de políticas ambientales aplicadas, especialmente cuando se observan los efectos generados por las crisis de los recursos naturales. Además de reducir a los efectos de disponibilidad de los recursos necesarios a la actividad económica, buscase la adopción de medidas que también contemplan la mitigación de problemas sociales, en especial en los casos en que tales problemas son íntimamente relacionados a las condiciones ambientales. Con el fin de verificar de que forma esas políticas han sido desarrolladas, presentase, al final, un estudio de caso, en la Reserva de Desarrollo Sostenible Juma, en el Estado de Amazonas, presentándose la visión de los beneficiarios del Programa Bolsa Foresta, del Estado, con el fin de analizar si el Programa logra llegar a los objetivos a que se propone: construir un mecanismo de preservación de la naturaleza y de justicia socioambiental.
Meio ambiente Citadino e participação popular
(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2012-06-22) Mendes Júnior, José Rogério de Sousa; Saleme, Edson Ricardo; Saleme, Edson Ricardo; Fonseca, Ozorio José de Menezes; Silva Filho, Erivaldo Cavalcanti e
Este trabajo busca tratar de los temas jurídicos del derecho a la participación popular en la gestión ambiental del Municipio. El espacio urbano debe cumplir una dinámica propia cuando el tema es medio ambiente. De este modo, es garantizado a los municipios el aparato jurídico y administrativo propio para la realización de su misión ambiental constitucional. El Estatuto de la Ciudad (Ley n. 10.257/01) ha permitido que el orden público y el interés social fueran regulados bajo el amparo de la función social de la propiedad, de la seguridad, del bienestar del ciudadano y del medio ambiente equilibrado. Así, se congregan los esfuerzos en el alcance de una gestión democrática en ciudades sostenibles, especificando directivas políticas y ambientales y fomentando instrumentos en su amparo en este sentido. El derecho a la participación subsidiaria, la gestión de los problemas cotidianos de las ciudades por medio de la implementación de valores no apenas democráticos, pero también de valores ecológicos. El principio de la participación, de otro modo, como cualquier otro instrumento gestionado por la mano de los administradores permite, por cuenta de la propia administración, ajustar su utilización a cada situación específica. Desde esta premisa, necesario se hace dibujar a los perfiles jurídicos del instituto como herramienta de participación ciudadana en las políticas públicas de sostenibilidad, detallando sus particularidades y distingüendo su aplicación con una necesaria entonación crítica y dialéctica. De esta manera, se busca establecer a las aplicaciones posibles de este instituto, de modo a explorar el máximo posible su versatilidad sin que se comprometa su naturaleza jurídica o se intervenga, o se deje de intervenir, inadecuadamente por la esfera subjetiva de terceros. Palabras-clave: Principio de la participación. Medio ambiente urbano. Perfiles jurídicos.

DISSERTAÇÃO - PPGDA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Ambiental

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