Desenvolvimento de sabonete líquido antimicrobiano a partir de extrato de guaraná (Paullinia cupana) e óleo essencial do pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora)

Abstract

The Amazon region is known for having countless assets when it comes to its flora. Among the numerous existing species of plants, many of these are considered advantageous raw materials to produce cosmetics, as these vegetables have in their composition actives with remarkable properties to produce the so-called phytocosmetics. Phytocosmetics are formulations that have natural actives in their constitution from extracts or essential oils that define the biological activity of the product. Rosewood essential oil (Aniba rosaeodora) has molecules in its composition with several effective activities for cosmetic formulations, highlighting its antimicrobial activity. Guarana (Paullinia cupana), on the other hand, stands out for having, in addition to antimicrobial activity, other various therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant activity. In this context, the objective of this study was to develop liquid soap formulations with antimicrobial activity from guarana extract and rosewood essential oil, and to evaluate the preliminary stability of the elaborated formulations. After obtaining the guarana extracts and essential oil, the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by the microplate dilution method. The guarana extract that proved to be the most active was the dichloromethane extract, thus, it was chosen to be used in the formulations of liquid soaps. The essential oil was also active, with the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values. The physicochemical properties analyzed in the formulations were: centrifugation, pH, conductivity, viscosity, foam index and relative density, in addition to color, odor and appearance, before and after the preliminary stability tests (thermal stress and freeze-thaw cycle). After the analyses, it was possible to see that, in relation to organoleptic properties, there was no significant difference ((p<0.05) between the newly prepared formulations and after passing through the preliminary stability tests. The changes occurred in the physicochemical parameters, observed mainly due to the increase in temperature. It was also possible to note that the formulation that contained the standard antimicrobial was influenced by radiation, being more visible in the low foam index formed after the analysis, but still, on average compared to other formulations. Thus, it appears that the dichloromethane extract of guarana and the essential oil of rosewood, for having antimicrobial activity, can be interesting in the development of antiseptic liquid soaps.